THINGS THAT BREAK THE FAST AND THINGS THAT DO NOT BREAK THE
FAST
ASSEMBLED BY MALLAM ABBA ABANA, KUBWA, ABUJA, NIGERIA
http://variousislamicdawadocuments.blogspot.com
https://web.facebook.com/abba.abana
emails:gonidamgamiri@yahoo.com; abba.abana@gmail.com
SATURDAY 9th RAJAB 1440 AH- 16th MARCH
2019 CE
(Part 5 of 11: THINGS THAT BREAK THE FAST AND
THINGS THAT DO NOT BREAK THE FAST)
Bismillah Walhamdulillah Was Salaatu
Was Salaam 'ala Rasulillah. As-Salaam Alaikum Wa-Rahmatullahi Wa-Barakatuhu.
Praise be to Allaah; we seek His help and His forgiveness. We seek refuge with
Allaah from the evil of our own souls and from our bad deeds. Whomsoever Allaah
guides will never be led astray, and whomsoever Allaah leaves astray, no one
can guide. I bear witness that there is no god but Allaah, and I bear witness
that Muhammad (Sallalhu alaihi Wasalam) is His slave and Messenger.
PREAMBLE
Muslims And Upcoming Ramadan 1340 AH
Or 2019 CE
Participate More In Do's And Avoid
Don'ts During This Holy Month.
How to fast properly during Ramadan
in Nigeria and anywhere; shifting the focus to the physical aspect of fasting
to arrive at inner soul.
1.0
THINGS THAT BREAK THE FAST (THINGS THAT INVALIDATE THE FAST)
You must
avoid doing anything that may render your fast invalid. Things that invalidate
the fast and require QADAA' (making up for these days)
are the following:
1)
Eating,
drinking or smoking deliberately, including taking any non-nourishing items by
mouth or nose.
2)
Deliberately
causing yourself to vomit.
3)
The
beginning of menstrual or post-childbirth bleeding even in the last moment
before sunset.
4)
Sexual
intercourse or other sexual contact (or masturbation) that results in
ejaculation (in men) or vaginal secretions (orgasm) in women.
5)
Eating,
drinking, smoking or having sexual intercourse after Fajr (dawn) on the
mistaken assumption that it is not Fajr time yet. Similarly, engaging in these
acts before Maghrib (sunset) on the mistaken assumption that it is already
Maghrib time.
6)
Sexual
intercourse during fasting is forbidden. Those who engage in it must make both QADAA'
(make up the fasts) and kaffarah (expiation by fasting for 60 days after
Ramadan or by feeding 60 poor people for each day of fast broken in this way).
According to Imam Abu Hanifah, eating and/or drinking deliberately during fast
also entail the same QADAA' and kaffarah.
7)
Anyone who eats and drinks
deliberately during the day in Ramadaan with no valid excuse has committed a
grave major sin (kabeerah), and has to repent and make up for that fast later
on. If he broke the fast with something haraam, such as drinking alcohol, this
makes his sin even worse. Whatever the case, he has to repent sincerely and do
more naafil deeds, fasting and other acts of worship, so as to avoid having any
shortfall in his record of obligatory deeds, and so that Allaah might accept
his repentance.
8)
If a person is obliged to fast, but
he deliberately has intercourse during the day in Ramadaan, of his own free
will, where the two “circumcised parts” (genitals) come together and the tip of
the penis penetrates either the front or back passage, his fast is broken,
whether or not he ejaculates, and he has to repent. He should still fast for
the rest of the day, but he has to make up the fast later on, and offer
expiation (kafaarah), because of the hadeeth narrated by Abu Hurayrah (may
Allaah be pleased with him): “Whilst we were sitting with the Messenger of
Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), a man came to him and said:
‘O Messenger of Allaah, I am doomed!’ He said, ‘What is the matter with you?’
He said, ‘I had intercourse with my wife whilst I was fasting.’ The Messenger
of Allaah said, ‘Do you have a slave whom you could set free?’ He said, ‘No.’
He said, ‘Can you fast for two consecutive months?’ He said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘Do
you have the wherewithal to feed sixty poor people?’ He said, ‘No[1]’…”The
same ruling also applies in cases of zinaa (adultery or fornication),
homosexuality and bestiality[2].
9)
If a person has intercourse during
the day on more than one day during Ramadaan, he must offer expiation for each
day, as well as repeating the fast for each day. Not knowing that kafaarah is
obligatory is no excuse[3].
10) If
a man wants to have intercourse with his wife but he breaks his fast by eating
first, his sin is more serious, because he has violated the sanctity of the
month on two counts, by eating and by having intercourse. It is even more
certain in this case that expiation is obligatory, and if he tries to get out
of it, that only makes matters worse. He must repent sincerely[4].
11) Apart
from hayd (menstruation) and nifaas (post-natal bleeding), other things that
can break the fast are only considered to do so if the following three
conditions apply: if a person knows that it breaks the fast and is not
ignorant; if he is aware of what he is doing and has not forgotten that he is
fasting; if he does it of his own free will and is not forced to do it.
Among the things that break the fast
are actions that involves the expulsion of bodily fluids, such as intercourse,
vomiting, menstruation and cupping, and actions that involve ingesting matter,
such as eating and drinking[5].
Among the things that break the fast
are things that are classified as being like eating or drinking, such as taking
medicines and pills by mouth, or injections of nourishing substances, or blood
transfusions. Injections that are not given to replace food and drink but are
used to administer medications such as penicillin and insulin, or tonics, or
vaccinations, do not break the fast, regardless of whether they are intra-muscular
or intravenous[6].
But to be on the safe side, all these injections should be given during the
night.
1)
Kidney dialysis, whereby the blood
is taken out, cleaned, and put back with some chemicals or nourishing
substances such as sugars and salts added, is considered to break the fast[7].
2)
According to the most correct view,
suppositories, eye-drops, ear-drops, having a tooth extracted and treating
wounds do not break the fast[8].
3)
Puffers used for asthma do not break
the fast, because this is just compressed gas that goes to the lungs – it is
not food, and it is needed at all times, in Ramadaan and at other times.
4)
Having a blood sample taken does not
break the fast and is permissible because it is something that is needed[9].
5)
Medicines used by gargling do not
break the fast so long as they are not swallowed. If a person has a tooth
filled and feels the taste of it in his throat, this does not break his fast[10].
2.0
THE FOLLOWING THINGS DO NOT BREAK THE FAST (THINGS THAT DO NOT INVALIDATE
FASTING)
During fast,
the following things are permissible:
1)
Taking
a bath or shower. If water is swallowed involuntarily it will not invalidate
the fast. According to most of the jurists, swimming is also allowed in
fasting, but one should avoid diving, because that will cause the water to go
from the mouth or nose into the stomach.
2)
Using
perfumes, wearing contact lenses or using eye drops[11].
3)
Taking
injections or having a blood test.
4)
Using
miswak[12]
(tooth-stick) or toothbrush (even with tooth paste) and rinsing the mouth or
nostrils with water, provided it is not overdone (so as to avoid swallowing
water).
5)
Eating,
drinking or smoking unintentionally, i.e., forgetting that one was fasting. But
one must stop as soon as one remembers and should continue one's fast.
6)
Sleeping
during the daytime and having a wet-dream does not break one's fast.
7)
Also,
if one has intercourse during the night and was not able to make Ghusl (bathe)
before dawn, he or she can begin fast and make Ghusl later.
8)
Women
whose menstruation stops during the night may begin fasting even if they have
not made Ghusl yet. In all these cases, bathing (Ghusl) is necessary but fast
is valid even without bathing.
9)
Kissing
between husband and wife is allowed in fasting, but one should try to avoid it
so that one may not do anything further that is forbidden during the fast.
10) Having
the ears syringed; nose drops and nasal sprays – so long as one avoids
swallowing anything that reaches the throat.
11) Tablets
that are placed under the tongue to treat angina and other conditions - so long
as one avoids swallowing anything that reaches the throat.
12) Anything
inserted into the vagina, such as pessaries, douches, scopes or fingers for the
purpose of a medical examination.
13) Insertion
of a scope or intra-uterine device (IUD or “coil”) and the like into the
uterus.
14) Insertion
into the urethra – for males or females – of a catheter, opaque dye for
diagnostic imaging, medication or solutions for cleansing the bladder.
15) Dental
fillings, tooth extractions, cleaning of the teeth, use of Siwaak or toothbrush
- so long as one avoids swallowing anything that reaches the throat.
16) Rinsing,
gargling or applying topical mouth sprays - so long as one avoids swallowing
anything that reaches the throat.
17) Subcutaneous,
intramuscular or intravenous injections – except for those used to provide
nourishment.
18) Oxygen.
19) Anaesthetic
gases – so long as the patient is not given nourishing solutions.
20) Medications
absorbed through the skin, such as creams and patches used to administer
medicine and chemicals.
21) Insertion
of a catheter into veins for diagnostic imaging or treatment of blood vessels
in the heart or other organs.
22) Use
of a laparoscope (instrument inserted through a small incision in the abdomen)
to examine the abdominal cavity or to perform operations.
23) Taking
biopsies or samples from the liver or other organs – so long as this is not
accompanied by the administration of solutions.
24) Gastroscopy
– as long as this is not accompanied by the administration of solutions or other
substances.
25) Introduction
of any instrument or medication to the brain or spinal column.
26) “If he forgets, and eats and drinks, then let
him complete his fast, for Allaah has fed him and given him to drink[13].”
According to another report, “He does not have to make the fast up later or
offer expiation (kafaarah).”
27) If
a person sees someone else who is eating because he has forgotten that he is
fasting, he should remind him, because of the general meaning of the aayah
(interpretation of the meaning): “… Help one another in righteousness and
piety…” [al-Maa’idah 5:2], and the hadeeth, “if I forget, remind me”; and
because of the principle that this is an evil action (munkar) that must
be changed[14].
28) Those
who need to break their fast in order to save someone whose life is in danger,
may break their fast and should make it up later on. This applies in cases
where someone is drowning, or when fires need to be put out.
29) Kissing,
hugging, embracing, touching and repeatedly looking at one’s wife or concubine,
if a man is able to control himself, is permissible, because it is reported in al-Saheehayn
from ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to kiss and embrace his wives whilst he
was fasting, but he was the most in control of his desire. With regard to the
hadeeth Qudsi, “he keeps away from his wife for My sake”, this is referring to
intercourse. But if a person get aroused quickly and is unable to control
himself, then it is not permissible for him to kiss or embrace his wife,
because that will lead to him breaking his fast, as he cannot be sure that he
will be able to avoid ejaculating or having intercourse. Allaah says in a
hadeeth Qudsi: “and he leaves his desire for My sake.” The Islamic guideline is
that anything that leads to haraam is also haraam.
30) If
a person is engaged in the act of intercourse and dawn comes, he is obliged to
withdraw, and his fast will be valid even if he ejaculates after withdrawal,
but if he continues having intercourse until after dawn, he has broken his
fast, and he must repent, make the fast up later, and offer expiation.
31) If
morning comes and a person is in a state of janaabah (impurity following sexual
intercourse), this does not affect his fasting. He or she is permitted to delay
doing Ghusl, whether it is for janaabah or following menstruation or post-natal
bleeding, until dawn has appeared (though well before sunrise), but it is
better to hasten to do Ghusl so that one can pray.
32) If
a person who is fasting sleeps and experiences a wet dream, this does not break
his fast, according to scholarly consensus (ijmaa’), so he should
complete his fast. Delaying doing Ghusl does not break the fast, but he should
hasten to do Ghusl so that he can pray and so that the angels will draw close
to him.
33) If
a person ejaculates during the day in Ramadaan because of something that he
could have refrained from, such as touching or repeatedly looking at a woman,
he must repent to Allaah and fast for the rest of the day, but he also has to
make up that fast later on. If a person starts to masturbate but then stops,
and does not ejaculate, then he has to repent but he does not have to make the
fast up later on, because he did not ejaculate. The person who is fasting must
keep away from everything that may provoke his desire, and he must repel any
bad thoughts that come to him. However, according to the most correct opinion,
if he emits prostatic fluid (madhiy), this does not break his fast.
34) The
emission of wadiy, a thick sticky substance that comes out after
urination, with no sense of physical pleasure, does not break the fast, and a
person does not have to do Ghusl, but he does have to do istinjaa’
(clean his private parts) and do wudoo’[15].
“Whoever vomits unintentionally does not have to make up the fast later on, but
whoever vomits on purpose does have to make up the fast[16].”
A person who vomits deliberately, by sticking his finger down his throat or
applying pressure to his stomach, or deliberately smelling a repulsive odour,
or looking at something that could make him vomit, is obliged to make up the
fast later on. If he feels that he is about to vomit, but then it subsides by
itself, this does not break his fast, because it is not something that he can
control, but if the vomit comes into his mouth and he swallows it back down,
this does break the fast. If a person feels sick in his stomach, he does not
have to suppress the urge to vomit, because this could cause him harm[17].
35) If
a person unintentionally swallows something that is stuck between his teeth, or
if it is so small that he could not tell it was there or spit it out, this is
counted as being part of his saliva and it does not break his fast. But if it
is big enough to spit out, he should spit it out. If he spits it out, this is
OK, but if he swallows it, this breaks his fast. If it can be diluted in the
mouth, in whole or in part, and it has an added taste or sweetness, it is
haraam for him to chew it. If any of this substance reaches the throat, this breaks
the fast. If a person spits out water after rinsing his mouth, his fast is not
affected by any moisture or wetness that is left behind, because he cannot help
it.
36) If
a person suffers from a nosebleed, his fast is still valid, because this is
something that is beyond his control[18].
37) If
he has gum ulcers or his gums bleed after using the Siwaak (tooth stick), it is
not permissible for him to swallow the blood; he has to spit it out. However,
if some blood enters his throat by accident, and he did not mean for that to
happen, there is no need to worry. Similarly, if vomit rises in his throat then
goes back down to his stomach without him intending for this to happen, his
fast is still valid[19].
38) With
regard to mucus coming from the head (nose and sinuses) and phlegm coming from
the chest by coughing and clearing the throat, if it is swallowed before it
reaches the mouth, this does not break a person’s fast, because it is a problem
which all people have; but if it is swallowed after it reaches the mouth, this
does break the fast. However, if it is swallowed unintentionally, it does not
break the fast.
39) Inhaling
water vapours, as may happen to people working in desalination plants, does not
break the fast[20].
40) It
is disliked (makrooh) to taste food unnecessarily, because this carries the
risk that the fast may be broken. Examples of cases where it is necessary to
taste food include a mother chewing food for an infant when she has no other
way to feed him, tasting food to make sure that it is OK, and tasting something
when making a purchase. It was reported that Ibn ‘Abbaas said: “There is
nothing wrong with tasting vinegar or anything that one wishes to buy[21].”
41) Using
Siwaak is Sunnah for the one who is fasting at all times of the day, even if it
is wet. If a person who is fasting uses a Siwaak and detects some heat or other
taste from it and swallows it, or if he takes the Siwaak out of his mouth and
sees saliva on it then puts it back in his mouth and swallows the saliva, this
does not break his fast[22].
He should avoid any substance that can be diluted, such as the green Siwaak, or
Siwaak that has any extra flavour added to it, like lemon or mint. He should
spit out any small pieces that come off the Siwaak in his mouth; he should not
swallow them deliberately, but if he swallows them accidentally, there is no
harm done.
42) If
a fasting person is injured or suffers a nosebleed, or gets water or petrol in
his mouth by accident, this does not break his fast.
43) If
he gets dust, smoke or flies in his mouth by accident, this does not break his
fast either. Things that one cannot avoid swallowing, like one’s own saliva, or
dust from grinding flour, do not break the fast. If a person gathers a lot of
saliva in his mouth then swallows it on purpose, this does not break the fast,
according to the most correct opinion[23].
44) If
tears reach one’s throat, or if a person applies oil to his hair or moustache,
or uses henna, and then detects the taste of it in his throat, this does not
break his fast. Using henna, kohl or oil does not break the fast[24].
This also applies to creams used to moisturize and soften the skin.
45) There
is nothing wrong with smelling pleasant fragrances, using perfume or applying
scented creams and the like. There is nothing wrong with a fasting person using
bukhoor (incense), so long as he does not use it as snuff[25].
46) It
is better not to use toothpaste during the day, and to leave it till
night-time, because it is too strong[26].
47) To
be on the safe side, it is better for the fasting person not to be treated with
cupping (hijaamah). There is a strong difference of opinion on this
matter. Ibn Taymiyah suggested that the one who has cupping done breaks his
fast, but the one who does it does not break his fast.
48) Smoking
breaks the fast, and it cannot be used as an excuse not to fast. How can a sin
be taken as an excuse?!
49) Immersing
oneself in water or wrapping oneself in wet clothes in order to cool down does
not break the fast. There is nothing wrong with pouring water over one’s head
to obtain relief from heat and thirst.
50) Swimming
is disliked, because it might make one break the fast (by swallowing water). If
a person’s work involves diving and he can be sure that he will not get water
in his mouth, there is nothing wrong with this.
51) If
a person eats, drinks or has intercourse, thinking that it is still night, then
he realizes that dawn has already broken, there is no harm done, because the
aayah clearly states that it is permissible to do these things until one is
sure that dawn has come. ‘Abd al-Razzaaq reported with a saheeh isnaad going back
to Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) that he said: “Allaah has
permitted you to eat and drink so long as there is any doubt in your mind[27].”
52) If
a person breaks his fast, thinking that the sun has already set when it has
not, he must make up the fast later on (according to the majority of scholars),
because the principle is that it is still day, and a fact that is certain
cannot be rejected in favour of something doubtful[28].
53) If
dawn breaks and a person has food or drink in his mouth, the fuqaha’ are agreed
that he should spit it out, and his fast is valid. This is like the ruling on
one who eats or drinks because he forgets, then remembers he is fasting – if he
hastens to spit out the food or drink in his mouth, his fast is still valid.
View ramadan approaching on Video
with Sheik Mufti Menk https://web.facebook.com/abba.abana/videos/1874430389439820/
To be continue Part 6 of 11:
The
Virtues And Benefits Of Fasting
[2] [Translator's
Note: Having Intercourse from the back passage, adultery, homosexuality, and
bestiality are major sins in Islam and are magnified if done during the day of
Ramadhan.]
[21] (Classed as hasan in Irwa’ al-Ghaleel,
4/86; See al-Fath, commentary on Baab Ightisaal al-Saa’im, Kitaab
al-Siyaam).
[27] (Fath
al-Baari, 4/135; this is also the opinion of Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah,
Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 29/263).
[28] (Shaykh
al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah thought that it was not necessary for a person in this
situation to make up the fast).
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