The Fiqh of Zakatul Fitr
ASSEMBLED BY MALLAM ABBA ABANA, KUBWA, ABUJA, NIGERIA
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Friday 25 Ramadan 1442 AH and 7 May 2021 CE
Reminder Day 25
Bismillah Walhamdulillah Was Salaatu Was Salaam 'ala Rasulillah. As-Salaam Alaikum WA-Rahmatullahi Wa-Barakatuhu.
Praise be to Allaah; we seek His help and His forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allaah from the evil of our own souls and from our bad deeds. Whomsoever Allaah guides will never be led astray, and whomsoever Allaah leaves astray, no one can guide. I bear witness that there is no god but Allaah, and I bear witness that Muhammad (ﷺ) is His slave and Messenger.
Help us Answer the Ummah! Every second, everywhere someone needs an answer. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “A person who leads others to doing what is good will earn the same reward as those who do it.” (Muslim, 1893).
“Do not lose hope, nor be sad. You will surely be victorious if you are true in Faith.” And do not mix the truth with falsehood or conceal the truth while you know [it].” [Holy Quran Chapter Al Imran Ayah 139]
“If Allah should aid you, no one can overcome you; but if He should forsake you, who is there that can aid you after Him? And upon Allah let the believers rely.” [Holy Quran Chapter Imran Ayah 160]
Preamble
Zakaat
al-Fitr is a kind of charity (sadaqah) that is obligatory at the time of breaking
the fast of Ramadaan. The word zakaat is connected by idaafah (genitive
structure in Arabic grammar) to fitr because the occasion of breaking the fast
is the reason why this zakaat becomes obligatory.
Ibn ‘Abbaas said: “The Messenger of Allaah [an error occurred while processing
this directive] (ﷺ) made zakaat al-fitr obligatory as a means of
purifying the fasting person from idle talk and foul language, and to feed the
poor. Whoever pays it before the prayer, it is an accepted zakaat, and whoever
pays it after the prayer, it is just a kind of charity (sadaqah).” (Reported by Abu Dawood, 1371. Al-Nawawi
said: Abu Dawood reported it from Ibn ‘Abbaas with a hasan isnaad).
“Purifying” means purifying the soul of the one who has fasted Ramadaan.
With regard to the word “foul language”, Ibn al-Atheer said: “ ‘Foul language’
refers to obscene speech. ‘Feeding [the poor]’ refers to food that is edible.
‘Whoever pays it before the prayer’ means before Salaat al-‘Eid. ‘It is an
accepted zakaat’ – here zakaat means sadaqat al-fitr. ‘Just a kind of charity’
means a kind of charity that could be given at any time.” (‘Awn al-Ma’bood
Sharh Abi Dawood).
It was said that this is what was meant by the aayah in Soorat al-A’laa
(interpretation of the meaning): “But those will prosper who purify themselves,
and glorify the name of their Guardian-Lord, and (lift their hearts) in
Prayer.” [al-A’laa 87:14-15 – Yusuf Ali’s translation]. It was reported that
‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azeez and Abu’l-‘Aaliyah said: “He [the Prophet [an error
occurred while processing this directive] (ﷺ)] paid
zakaat al-fitr then he went out for the prayer – i.e., Salaat al-‘Eid.
(Al-Jassaas, Ahkaam al-Qur’aan, part 3, Soorat al-A’laa).
Wakee’ ibn al-Jarraah said: “Zakaat al-fitr for the month of Ramadaan is like
two sajdahs of sahw for the prayer. It makes up for any shortcomings in the
fast as the prostrations make up for any shortcomings in the prayer.” (Al-Nawawi, al-Majmoo’, part 6).
Rulings On Zakaat Al-Fitr
The correct view is that it is fard (obligatory), because Ibn ‘Umar said: “The
Messenger of Allaah [an error occurred while processing this directive] (ﷺ) made zakaat al-fitr obligatory,”
and because of the consensus of the scholars (ijmaa’) that it is fard. (Al-Mughni, part 2, Baab Sadaqat al-Fitr).
When It Has To Be Given
It becomes obligatory when the sun sets on the last day of Ramadaan. Anyone who
gets married, has a baby born to him or becomes Muslim before the sun sets on
that day, has to give zakaat al-fitr [on behalf of himself and/or his new wife
or new baby], but if that happens after sunset, he does not have to give it…
Whoever dies after sunset on the night of fitr, sadaqat al-fitr must be given
on his behalf. This is what Ahmad stated.” (Al-Mughni,
part 2, Fasl Waqt Wujoob Zakaat al-Fitr).
Who Is Obliged To Pay It?
1. Zakaat al-fitr is obligatory on Muslims. Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be
pleased with him) said: “The Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) made zakaat al-fitr, one saa’ of
dates or one saa’ of barley, obligatory on the Muslims, slave and free, male
and female, young and old.” (Al-Bukhaari, 1407)
2. Al-Shaafa'i (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: “The hadeeth of Naafi’
indicates that the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) made it obligatory only on the Muslims, which is in
accordance with the Book of Allaah, may He be glorified, because He has made
zakaat as a purification for the Muslims, and purification can only be for the
Muslims.” (Al-Umm, part2, Baab Zakaat
al-Fitr).
3. It is obligatory on those who are able to pay it. Al-Shaafa'i said:
“Everyone who, at the beginning of Shawwaal, has enough food for himself and
those whom he is supporting, for that day, and has enough to give zakaat
al-fitr on behalf of them and himself, should give it on behalf of them and
himself. If he only has enough to give on behalf of some of them, then he
should give on behalf of some of them. If he only has enough for himself and
those whom he is supporting, then he is not obliged to give zakaat al-fitr on
his own behalf or on behalf of those whom he is supporting.” (Al-Umm, part 2, Baab Zakaat al-Fitr).
4. Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: “The one who is in
financial difficulty is not obliged to give [zakaat al-fitr]; there is no
difference among the scholars in this regard… The obligation is determined by
whether or not a person can afford it. Whoever has one saa’ more than he needs
for himself and those whom he is obliged to support on the night and day of
Eid, has enough [is not in financial difficulty]. Whoever does not have
anything more than he needs is in financial difficulty, so he is not obliged to
pay anything in this case. (Al-Majmoo’,
part 6, Shuroot Wujoob Sadaqat al-Fitr).
5. The Muslim should give on his own behalf and on behalf of those on
whom he spends, such as wives and relatives, if they cannot give it on their
own behalf. If they are able to, it is better for them to give it themselves,
because the command is addressed to them in the first place.
Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “The Messenger of Allaah
(ﷺ) made zakaat al-fitr, one saa’ of
dates or one saa’ of barley, obligatory on the Muslims, slave and free, male
and female, young and old, and commanded that it should be given before the
people went out to pray.” (Al-Bukhaari,
1407)
Al-Shaafa'i (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: “The guardian of the
insane and the minor should give zakaat al-fitr on their behalf and on behalf
of those for whom they [the insane and minor] may be responsible, just as the
sane person should give on his own behalf… If there is a kaafir among those
whom he is supporting, he does not have to give zakaat al-fitr on his behalf,
because he cannot be purified by zakaah.”
(Al-Umm, part 2, Baab Zakaat al-Fitr).
The author of al-Muhadhdhab said: “Al-Musannif (may Allaah have mercy on
him) said: ‘If someone has to pay zakaat al-fitr on his own behalf and on
behalf of those whom he is supporting, if they are Muslim and if has more than
he needs to spend on them that he can give, then the mother and father, and
grandparents and great-grandparents, etc., may have to pay zakaat al-fitr on
behalf of their children and grandchildren and great-grandchildren, etc., and
the children may have to pay zakaat al-fitr on behalf of their parents and
grandparents and great-grandparents, etc., – if they are obliged to spend on
their maintenance. (Al-Majma’, part 6).
A man has to pay on behalf of himself and his wife – even if she has money of
her own – and his children and parents if they are poor, and his daughter if
she is married but the marriage has not yet been consummated. If his son is
rich, he does not have to give zakaat al-fitr on his behalf. A husband has to
give zakaat al-fitr on behalf of a divorced wife whose divorce (talaaq) is not
yet final (i.e., she is still in the ‘iddah of a first or second talaaq), but
not in the case of a rebellious wife or one whose divorce is final. A son does
not have to give zakaat al-fitr on behalf of a poor father’s wife because he is
not obliged to spend on her.
[When giving zakaat al-fitr], one should start with the closest people first,
so he gives it on behalf of himself, then his wife, then his children, then the
rest of his relatives in order of closeness, following the pattern laid out in
the rules governing inheritance.
Al-Shaafa'i, may Allaah have mercy on him, said: “Who I say is obliged to give
zakaat al-fitr, if a child is born to him, or he takes possession of a slave,
or someone becomes one of his dependents, at any time during the last day of
Ramadaan, then the suns sets on the night of the crescent of Shawwaal, he has
to give zakaat al-fitr on that person’s behalf.” (Al-Umm, Baab Zakaat al-Fitr al-Thaani).
It is not obligatory to give zakaat al-fitr on behalf of a foetus that is still
in the mother’s womb, but if this is done voluntarily, there is nothing wrong
with it.
If someone who is obliged to give zakaat al-fitr dies before giving it, it must
be given from his estate… even if the person who was supporting him also dies,
the obligation still stands. (Al-Mughni,
part 2).
If a servant has set wages that are paid to him daily or monthly, the
employer does not have to give zakaat al-fitr on his behalf, because he is a
hired worker, and one is not obliged to spend on a hired worker. (al-Mawsoo’ah, 23/339).
Concerning giving zakaat al-fitr on behalf of an orphan, Imaam Maalik (may
Allaah have mercy on him) said: “The guardian should give zakaat al-fitr on
behalf of the orphans some of whose wealth is under his control, even if they
are minors.” (Al-Mudawwanah, part 1).
Zakaat Al-Fitr And How Much Is To Be Paid
Sadaqat al-fitr is obligatory upon every Muslim who is self-supporting, if he has one saa’ or more than he needs of food for himself and his family on the day and night of Eid.
The basis for that is the report narrated from Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said: “The Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) enjoined zakaat al-fitr, a saa’ of dates, or a saa’ of barley, upon all the Muslims, slave and free, male and female, young and old, and he commanded that it be paid before the people went out to pray.” Agreed upon; this version was narrated by al-Bukhaari.
And Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri narrated: “We used to pay zakaat al-fitr when the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) was alive, a saa’ of food or a saa’ of dates or a saa’ of barley or a saa’ of raisins or a saa’ of dried yoghurt.” Agreed upon.
It is acceptable to give a saa’ of the local staple food such as rice etc.
What is meant by a saa’ here is the saa’ of the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ), which is four times the amount that may be held in the two hands of a man of average build. If a person does not pay zakaat al-fitr, he is sinning, and he has to make it up.
With regard to the hadeeth mentioned, we do not know whether it is saheeh or not.
Ref. http://islamqa.info/en/12459
Zakaat Al-Fitr Is Food, Not Money, And It Is To Be Given To Needy Muslims Only
Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with them both) said: “The Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) made giving a saa’ of dates or a saa’ of barley as Zakaat al-Fitr an obligation for all Muslims, slave and free, male and female, young and old, and ordered that it should be given before the people went out to pray (Salaat al-Eid).” (Al-Bukhaari, 1503).
Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “We used to pay as Zakaat al-Fitr a saa’ of food or a saa’ of barley (which was their food at that time) or a saa’ or dates or a saa’ of aqit (dried yoghurt) or a saa’ of raisins.” (1506)
From this it is clear that Zakaat al-Fitr must be food, not money, so we must adhere to what has been recorded in the Sunnah. So give one saa’ of whatever is the staple food in your country, such as rice or wheat, for example, on behalf of yourself and each member of your household. (A saa’ is equivalent to approximately 3 kilograms). It is not permissible to give it to anyone except a needy Muslim. If you cannot find anyone in your own country, you can delegate someone else to give it on your behalf in another country. May Allaah help us and you to do the duties that He loves. And Allaah knows best.
Source: Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
Ref. http://islamqa.info/en/1396
Where To Pay Zakaat Al-Fitr
The scholars (may Allaah be pleased with them) stated that zakaat al-fitr is connected to numbers of people, not money, and it is to be paid in the place where a person is on the night before Eid.
Ibn Qudaamah said in al-Mughni (4/134): As for zakaat al-fitr, it is to be paid in the land where the person from whom it is due is present, whether his wealth is there or not. End quote.
As for paying zakaat al-fitr in cash, we have explained above that it must be given in the form of food, and that paying it in cash is not acceptable.
So you must try to give it in the form of food. If the poor person refuses the food and asks for cash, then there is nothing wrong with your giving it as cash in that case, because of need or necessity.
We ask Allaah to give you strength and to make our words and deeds and yours righteous. Ref. http://islamqa.info/en/93755
Question And Answer Session
How Much Zakaat Al-Fitr Is And When It Should Be Paid
We are members of a North African group living in Barcelona. How can we work out how much zakaat al-fitr is?
Answer
Praise be to Allaah.
It was proven from the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) that he enjoined zakaat al-fitr on the Muslims, one saa’ of dates or one saa’ of barley, and he commanded that it be given before the people went out to the (Eid) prayer. In al-Saheehayn it is narrated that Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: At the time of the Prophet (ﷺ) we used to give one saa’ of food, or one saa’ of dates, or one saa’ of barley, or one saa’ of raisins.
Some of the scholars have interpreted “food” (ta’aam) in this hadeeth as referring to wheat; others interpreted it as meaning the staple food of the country, whatever it is, whether it is wheat, corn, pearl millet or whatever. This is the correct view, because zakaah is a help from the rich to the poor, and the Muslim does not have to help with anything other than the staple food of his country. Undoubtedly rice is the staple food in the land of the Two Holy Sanctuaries (Saudi Arabia) and it is a good and valuable food; it is better than the barley that is mentioned in the text. Hence it is known that there is nothing wrong with giving rice as zakaat al-fitr.
What must be given is a saa’ of any kind of staple food, i.e., a saa’ of the Prophet (ﷺ), which is four complete scoops as scooped up with two hands, according to al-Qaamoos etc. In modern weights this is equivalent to approximately three kilograms. If a Muslim gives a kilo of rice or some other staple food of his country, that is sufficient even if it is not one of the types mentioned in the hadeeth, according to the more correct of the two scholarly opinions. There is nothing wrong with giving the equivalent amount by weight, which is approximately three kilograms.
Zakaat al-fitr must be given on behalf of all Muslims, young and old, male and female, free and slave. With regard to a foetus, it is not obligatory to give it on his behalf according to scholarly consensus, but it is mustahabb, because ‘Uthmaan (may Allaah be pleased with him) did that.
It is also obligatory to give it before the Eid prayer, and it is not permissible to delay it until after the Eid prayer. There is nothing wrong with giving it one or two days before the Eid. Hence it is known that the earliest time when it may be given, according to the more correct of the two scholarly views, is the night of the 28th of Ramadaan, because the month may be twenty-nine or thirty days. The companions of the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) used to give it one or two days before Eid.
Those to whom it must be given are the poor and needy. It was proven that Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) enjoined zakaat al-fitr as a purification for the fasting person from idle and obscene speech, and to feed the poor. Whoever gives it before the prayer, it is zakaat al-fitr, and whoever gives it after the prayer, it is ordinary charity. This was narrated by Abu Dawood and classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood.
It is not permissible to pay the value in money, according to the majority of scholars; this view has the stronger evidence. Rather it must be given in the form of food, as the Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions (may Allaah be pleased with them) did. This is also the view of the majority of the ummah. We ask Allaah to help us and all the Muslims to understand His religion properly and adhere to it steadfastly, and to guide us, for He is the Most Generous, Most Kind. Majmoo’ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn Baaz, 14/200.
This is the estimation of Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him), who reckoned the weight of zakaat al-fitr as being approximately three kilograms.
This was also the estimate of the scholars of the Standing Committee (9/371).
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) estimated it in grams as being 2100 grams, as it says in Fataawa al-Zakaah, p. 274-276.
This discrepancy occurred because a saa’ is a measure of volume, not weight.
The scholars worked it out by weight so that it would be easier to work out. It is well known that the weight of grains varies; some are light and some are heavy, and some are in between. In fact the weight of a saa’ of the same kind of grain may vary, and new may weigh more than old. Hence if people err on the side of caution and give more, that will be better.
See al-Mughni, 4/168, where it mentions something similar about working out the nisaab of crops by weight.
And Allaah knows best.
Source: Islam Q&A, 49793
https://islamqa.info/en/answers/49793/how-much-zakaat-al-fitr-is-and-when-it-should-be-paid
Common Errors In Giving Zakatul-Fitr.
Think of the word “Iftar”, Zakat Al-Fitr is the charity that we give at the end of Ramadhan. Here is the foundational hadith that establishes the obligation of Zakat Al-Fitr: Ibn `Umar reported that the Prophet (sallAllaahu ‘alayhiwasallam), made Zakat al-Fitr compulsory on every slave, freeman, male, female, young and old among the Muslims; one Saa` (a measurement: four double handfuls) of dried dates or one Saa` of barely. [Bukhari]. A “saa” is 4 complete scoops, as scooped up with two hands of a man of average build. It is a measure of volume, not weight. It is equivalent to approximately 3 Litre. Scholarly estimations in (Kg) puts it at 1 SAA’= 2.1 to 3kg.It is to purify our fasts and shield it from any indecent act or speech.
Error 1: Confusing Zakat Al-Fitr With Zakat Ul-Maal. We are talking about Zakatul-Fitr here (think “Iftar”, i.e. Ramadan). Zakat Al-Maal (Maal literally means wealth), is the Zakah due on one’s money – and that could be due any time during the year.
Error 2: Snail Mailing The Money/Food Overseas. The Zakat al-Fitr, food not money, MUST be in the hands of the needy BEFORE Eid prayer. One cannot mail the money/food overseas and have it arrive in the hands of the needy after Eid prayer is over.
Error 3: Not Giving. Yes, as simple as this error is, it is very common. When one can afford, it is HARAM to skip the giving of Zakat Al-Fitr. Every member of the household must give Zakat Al-Fitr. So, if you have 8 people in your house, Zakat Al-Fitr must be paid x 8, even if the youngest member is just a day old.
Error 4: Giving It At Eid Salah. Some people go to Eid prayers and drop money into the donation box thinking they have done their Zakat Al-Fitr. No, Zakat al-Fitr, which is food not money must be in the hands of the needy or poor Muslims BEFORE Eid prayer. Thus, the person is sinful for having missed the giving of Zakat al-Fitr. May Allah forgive us?
Error 5: Giving Money Instead Of Food. The spirit of Zakatul -Fitr is to give food to the needy/poor in the Muslim community, NOT money. Abu Sa`eed al-Khudree (radiallahu anihu), said, “In the Prophet’s time, we used to give it (Zakatal-Fitr) as a sa`a of food, dried dates, barley, raisins or dried cheese”. [Bukhari].N.B. In situations of Darurah (necessity) e.g. communities where it’s practically impossible to find needy Muslims and there is a need to go to far off places, one can give the food to organisations in charge and they can give the food before eid salah in poor needy or muslim communities.
Error 6: Giving One’s Zakatul-Fitr To A Charitable Building Project. Some people mistakenly give their Zakatul-Fitr to a charitable project: like the building of a Masjid, or Islamic school. Suffice to say that the spirit of Zakatul-Fitr is that the needy should have plentiful food on Eid.
Error 7: Giving Zakatul-Fitr To Non-Muslims. Regular charity may be given to both Non-Muslims and Muslims. However, Zakatul-Fitr charity is something exclusive to the MUSLIM poor and needy. Hence, one cannot give Zakatul-Fitr to any needy person on the street. “Regular” charity can be given to them, but not Zakatul-Fitr.
Error 8: Banking Zakatul Fitr. Sometimes, Masjids that coordinate the collection of zakatul fitr collect Zakatul-Fitr money instead of food (wrongly so, because zakatul fitr is food not money) and they put it in a bank for future Islamic projects. This is wrong. If they must coordinate the collection & distribution to the needy, the correct method is to collect the zakatul fitr from the people in the form of food & give it out on behalf of those people to the needy Muslims before eid salah. May Allah accept our efforts, purify our fasts and shield it from any indecent act or speech with this zakatul fitr. What is worth doing at all is worth doing well. For further information about Charity at the end of Ramadhan tap this link https://islamqa.info/en/cat/293
The Fiqh Of Zakatul Fitr With Special Reference To Nigeria
Evidence for by Ibn Taofeeq Abdul Azeez (May Allah preserve him)
Muslim News resident scholar, Ustadh Ibn Taofeeq Abdul Azeez, has painstakingly explained in detail the concept of monetising Zakatul Fitr as against paying same with grains (food), thus ending the needless age-long controversies the subject has generated among Nigerian Muslims.
The Nigerian Middle East-based scholar said giving out money instead of food as Zakatul Fitr is not an issue of contemporary argument, while stressing that the difference of opinion has existed since the era of the Sahaabah, the Taabi’een and those who came after them till this present era.
Ibn Taofeeq however stated that those differences did not lead to enmity among the early Muslims, as they had a firm understanding of the concept, which majority of Muslims fail to understand today.
According to him, in the final analysis, Zakatul Fitr can be paid using grains (food) and as a substitute, it can be monetised with the monetary value of one ‘Saa’ of grains, which is equal to four ‘mudu’ or 14 tins of milk in our contemporary world. There are strong evidence for both options.
When asked which is the best between giving food or monetising, Ibn Taofeeq said, “the best is the easier and the more beneficial to the poor (either food or money). May Allah grant us sound knowledge of His religion (Amin).”
Concept of monetising Zakatul Fitr as against paying with grains (food) is addressed here to our Nigerian Muslims asking about the controversies of the subject that has generated among the South West Nigerian Muslims. You can refer to this Web Link and two Hadith quoted below. https://muslimnews.com.ng/2019/05/27/zakatul-fitr-can-be-paid-with-food-or-money-ibn-taofeeq/ BY – Ibn Taofeeq May 27, 2019.
Muslim News Nigeria: A Guiding Light on Issues of Monetising Zakatul Fitr written by: Ibn Taofeeq Abdul Azeez (may allah preserve him). He said, money can be used to pay.
Fatwa Number: 2746
Subject: Is Fasting Accepted although Zakat-ul-Fitr wasn`t given?
Classified: "Fiter Zakat "Alms paid in Ramadan
Question:
What is the ruling of Sharia on Zakat-ul-Fitr, and does delaying it or not giving it at all render one`s fasting invalid?
The Answer:
All perfect praise be to Allah, The Lord of The Worlds, and may His peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Mohammad and upon all his family and companions.
It is worth mentioning that the Iftaa` Board has issued Resolution No.(95) clarifying the ruling of Sharia on Zakat-ul-Fitr. As indicated in the texts of Sharia, Zakat-ul-Fitr is obligatory; rather, a Muslim who delays it deliberately is considered sinful and should repent and make up for it. This is because it is an act of worship just like prayer, and should be made up for, even if its time had passed. However, the person`s fasting is considered valid. Moreover, the majority of the Muslim scholars are of the view that it is permissible to give Zakat-ul-Fitr on the day of Eed, but not after the sunset of that day.
Al-Shirazi (May Allah have mercy on him) said: "It is recommended to give it before Eed prayer as indicated by the Hadeeth narrated on the authority of Ibn Omar who reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ordered that the Sadaqat-ul-Fitr should be paid before the people go out for prayer. It isn`t permissible to give it after the day of Eed i.e. after the sunset of that day because the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Spare the poor the trouble of asking for charity on that day"{Al-Baihaqi}. Therefore, a person who delays Zakat-ul-Fitr after Eed day is considered sinful and he is obliged to make up for it because it is a right to the poor that isn`t waived by the passing of time."{Al-Majmou` Shareh Al-Mohazab, 6/126}.
Al-Imam An-Nawawi (May Allah have mercy on him)
said: "Shafiis and fellow scholars are of the view that it is better to
give it on the day of Eed, before going out for prayer, and it is also
permissible to give it at any time of that day i.e. till sunset. They also said
that it isn`t permissible to delay it after the day of Eed, and one who does so
is considered sinful and is obliged to make up for it. Moreover, they have
called giving it after the day of Eed a make up for it."{Al-Majmou`,6/84}.
And Allah knows best.
Sources: https://www.aliftaa.jo/QuestionEn.aspx?QuestionId=2746#.XsPFVGCxXDc
Summary Of The Fiqh Of Zakatul Fitr
1) What to give: four (4) handful of preferably the most consumed food in the community (It is acceptable to give a saa’ of the local staple food)
2) When to give Zakatul Fitr: on the 28th, 29th or 30th of the month of Ramadan or before the Eid prayer
3) Why we give: to thank Allah, remove the mistakes in your fast and help the needy celebrate Eid.
4) Who gives such food: a Muslim who is not dependent, has more than he needs to eat, on behalf of self and dependents
5) Who receives such Zakatul Fitr: poor, needy, in the community in which the one who gives resides, or other community, if there are no more needy ones around.
Who can take sadaqah/ Zakatul Fitr?
They are in accordance with Holy Quran Chapter 9 verse 60:
إِنَّمَا ٱلصَّدَقَـٰتُ لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ وَٱلۡمَسَـٰكِينِ وَٱلۡعَـٰمِلِينَ عَلَيۡہَا وَٱلۡمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُہُمۡ وَفِى ٱلرِّقَابِ وَٱلۡغَـٰرِمِينَ وَفِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِۖ فَرِيضَةً۬ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَڪِيمٌ۬ (٦٠)
‘’Alms are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to administer the (funds); for those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to Truth); for those in bondage and in debt; in the cause of Allah; and for the wayfarer: (thus is it) ordained by Allah and Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom.’’
1. The poor (al-fuqarâ'), that is low-income.
2. The needy people (al-masākīn).
3. The officials appointed to receive Sadaqah (Zakat Administrators).
4. Those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled to Islam (al-mu'allafa qulubuhum).
5. To free the slaves and captives.
6. In the cause of Allah
7. Those who are overburdened with debt.
8. For the wayfarer
Allah Knows Best
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