THINGS THAT BREAK
THE FAST AND THINGS THAT DO NOT BREAK THE FAST
ASSEMBLED BY
MALLAM ABBA ABANA, KUBWA, ABUJA, NIGERIA
http://variousislamicdawadocuments.blogspot.com
https://web.facebook.com/abba.abana
emails:gonidamgamiri@yahoo.com;
abba.abana@gmail.com
To be delivered on
Saturday, 27th May 2017 CE and 30th Shabaan 1438 AH
Part 1 of 7
Bismillah
Walhamdulillah Was Salaatu Was Salaam 'ala Rasulillah. As-Salaam Alaikum
Wa-Rahmatullahi Wa-Barakatuhu. Amma Ba’d.
Praise be to
Allaah; we seek His help and His forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allaah from
the evil of our own souls and from our bad deeds. Whomsoever Allaah guides will
never be led astray, and whomsoever Allaah leaves astray, no one can guide. I
bear witness that there is no god but Allaah, and I bear witness that Muhammad
(Sal Allahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) is His slave and Messenger.
NIGERIAN MUSLIMS AND UPCOMING RAMADAN
2017
PARTICIPATE MORE IN DO'S AND AVOID
DON'TS DURING THIS HOLY MONTH PLEASE.
How to fast
properly during Ramadan in Nigeria; shifting the focus to the physical aspect
of fasting to arrive at inner soul.
THINGS THAT BREAK THE FAST (THINGS THAT
INVALIDATE THE FAST)
You must avoid doing anything that may render your fast invalid. Things that invalidate the fast and require qadaa' (making up for these days) are the following:
1) Eating, drinking or
smoking deliberately, including taking any non-nourishing items by mouth or
nose.
2) Deliberately
causing yourself to vomit.
3) The beginning of
menstrual or post-childbirth bleeding even in the last moment before sunset.
4) Sexual intercourse
or other sexual contact (or masturbation) that results in ejaculation (in men)
or vaginal secretions (orgasm) in women.
5) Eating, drinking,
smoking or having sexual intercourse after Fajr (dawn) on the mistaken
assumption that it is not Fajr time yet. Similarly, engaging in these acts
before Maghrib (sunset) on the mistaken assumption that it is already Maghrib
time.
6) Sexual intercourse
during fasting is forbidden. Those who engage in it must make both qadaa' (make
up the fasts) and kaffarah (expiation by fasting for 60 days after Ramadan or
by feeding 60 poor people for each day of fast broken in this way). According
to Imam Abu Hanifah, eating and/or drinking deliberately during fast also
entail the same qadaa' and kaffarah.
7) Anyone who eats and drinks
deliberately during the day in Ramadaan with no valid excuse has committed a
grave major sin (kabeerah), and has to repent and make up for that fast later
on. If he broke the fast with something haraam, such as drinking alcohol, this
makes his sin even worse. Whatever the case, he has to repent sincerely and do
more naafil deeds, fasting and other acts of worship, so as to avoid having any
shortfall in his record of obligatory deeds, and so that Allaah might accept
his repentance.
8) If a person is obliged to
fast, but he deliberately has intercourse during the day in Ramadaan, of his
own free will, where the two “circumcised parts” (genitals) come together and
the tip of the penis penetrates either the front or back passage, his fast is
broken, whether or not he ejaculates, and he has to repent. He should still
fast for the rest of the day, but he has to make up the fast later on, and
offer expiation (kafaarah), because of the hadeeth narrated by Abu Hurayrah
(may Allaah be pleased with him): “Whilst we were sitting with the Messenger of
Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), a man came to him and said:
‘O Messenger of Allaah, I am doomed!’ He said, ‘What is the matter with you?’
He said, ‘I had intercourse with my wife whilst I was fasting.’ The Messenger
of Allaah said, ‘Do you have a slave whom you could set free?’ He said, ‘No.’
He said, ‘Can you fast for two consecutive months?’ He said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘Do
you have the wherewithal to feed sixty poor people?’ He said, ‘No[1]’…”The
same ruling also applies in cases of zinaa (adultery or fornication),
homosexuality and bestiality[2].
9) If a person has intercourse
during the day on more than one day during Ramadaan, he must offer expiation
for each day, as well as repeating the fast for each day. Not knowing that
kafaarah is obligatory is no excuse[3].
10) If a man wants to have
intercourse with his wife but he breaks his fast by eating first, his sin is
more serious, because he has violated the sanctity of the month on two counts, by
eating and by having intercourse. It is even more certain in this case that
expiation is obligatory, and if he tries to get out of it, that only makes
matters worse. He must repent sincerely[4].
11) Apart from hayd
(menstruation) and nifaas (post-natal bleeding), other things that can break
the fast are only considered to do so if the following three conditions apply:
if a person knows that it breaks the fast and is not ignorant; if he is aware
of what he is doing and has not forgotten that he is fasting; if he does it of
his own free will and is not forced to do it.
Among the things that break the fast are actions that
involves the expulsion of bodily fluids, such as intercourse, vomiting,
menstruation and cupping, and actions that involve ingesting matter, such as
eating and drinking[5].
Among the things that break the fast are things that are
classified as being like eating or drinking, such as taking medicines and pills
by mouth, or injections of nourishing substances, or blood transfusions.
Injections that are not given to replace food and drink but are used to
administer medications such as penicillin and insulin, or tonics, or
vaccinations, do not break the fast, regardless of whether they are
intra-muscular or intravenous[6].
But to be on the safe side, all these injections should be given during the
night.
1)
Kidney
dialysis, whereby the blood is taken out, cleaned, and put back with some
chemicals or nourishing substances such as sugars and salts added, is
considered to break the fast[7].
2)
According
to the most correct view, suppositories, eye-drops, ear-drops, having a tooth
extracted and treating wounds do not break the fast[8].
3)
Puffers
used for asthma do not break the fast, because this is just compressed gas that
goes to the lungs – it is not food, and it is needed at all times, in Ramadaan
and at other times.
4)
Having
a blood sample taken does not break the fast and is permissible because it is
something that is needed[9].
5)
Medicines
used by gargling do not break the fast so long as they are not swallowed. If a person
has a tooth filled and feels the taste of it in his throat, this does not break
his fast[10].
THE FOLLOWING THINGS DO NOT
BREAK THE FAST (THINGS THAT
DO NOT INVALIDATE FASTING)
During fast, the following things are permissible:
1) Taking a bath or
shower. If water is swallowed involuntarily it will not invalidate the fast.
According to most of the jurists, swimming is also allowed in fasting, but one
should avoid diving, because that will cause the water to go from the mouth or
nose into the stomach.
2) Using perfumes,
wearing contact lenses or using eye drops[11].
3) Taking injections
or having a blood test.
4) Using miswak[12]
(tooth-stick) or toothbrush (even with tooth paste) and rinsing the mouth or
nostrils with water, provided it is not overdone (so as to avoid swallowing
water).
5) Eating, drinking or
smoking unintentionally, i.e., forgetting that one was fasting. But one must
stop as soon as one remembers and should continue one's fast.
6) Sleeping during the
daytime and having a wet-dream does not break one's fast.
7) Also, if one has
intercourse during the night and was not able to make Ghusl (bathe) before
dawn, he or she can begin fast and make Ghusl later.
8) Women whose
menstruation stops during the night may begin fasting even if they have not
made Ghusl yet. In all these cases, bathing (Ghusl) is necessary but fast is
valid even without bathing.
9) Kissing between
husband and wife is allowed in fasting, but one should try to avoid it so that
one may not do anything further that is forbidden during the fast.
10) Having the ears syringed;
nose drops and nasal sprays – so long as one avoids swallowing anything that
reaches the throat.
11) Tablets that are placed under
the tongue to treat angina and other conditions - so long as one avoids
swallowing anything that reaches the throat.
12) Anything inserted into the
vagina, such as pessaries, douches, scopes or fingers for the purpose of a
medical examination.
13) Insertion of a scope or
intra-uterine device (IUD or “coil”) and the like into the uterus.
14) Insertion into the urethra –
for males or females – of a catheter, opaque dye for diagnostic imaging,
medication or solutions for cleansing the bladder.
15) Dental fillings, tooth
extractions, cleaning of the teeth, use of Siwaak or toothbrush - so long as
one avoids swallowing anything that reaches the throat.
16) Rinsing, gargling or applying
topical mouth sprays - so long as one avoids swallowing anything that reaches
the throat.
17) Subcutaneous, intramuscular
or intravenous injections – except for those used to provide nourishment.
18) Oxygen.
19) Anaesthetic gases – so long
as the patient is not given nourishing solutions.
20) Medications absorbed through
the skin, such as creams and patches used to administer medicine and chemicals.
21) Insertion of a catheter into
veins for diagnostic imaging or treatment of blood vessels in the heart or
other organs.
22) Use of a laparoscope
(instrument inserted through a small incision in the abdomen) to examine the
abdominal cavity or to perform operations.
23) Taking biopsies or samples
from the liver or other organs – so long as this is not accompanied by the
administration of solutions.
24) Gastroscopy – as long as this
is not accompanied by the administration of solutions or other substances.
25) Introduction of any
instrument or medication to the brain or spinal column.
26) “If he forgets, and eats and drinks, then let
him complete his fast, for Allaah has fed him and given him to drink[13].”
According to another report, “He does not have to make the fast up later or
offer expiation (kafaarah).”
27) If a person sees someone else
who is eating because he has forgotten that he is fasting, he should remind
him, because of the general meaning of the aayah (interpretation of the
meaning): “… Help one another in righteousness and piety…” [al-Maa’idah 5:2],
and the hadeeth, “if I forget, remind me”; and because of the principle that
this is an evil action (munkar) that must be changed[14].
28) Those who need to break their
fast in order to save someone whose life is in danger, may break their fast and
should make it up later on. This applies in cases where someone is drowning, or
when fires need to be put out.
29) Kissing, hugging, embracing,
touching and repeatedly looking at one’s wife or concubine, if a man is able to
control himself, is permissible, because it is reported in al-Saheehayn
from ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to kiss and embrace his wives whilst he
was fasting, but he was the most in control of his desire. With regard to the
hadeeth Qudsi, “he keeps away from his wife for My sake”, this is referring to
intercourse. But if a person get aroused quickly and is unable to control
himself, then it is not permissible for him to kiss or embrace his wife,
because that will lead to him breaking his fast, as he cannot be sure that he
will be able to avoid ejaculating or having intercourse. Allaah says in a
hadeeth Qudsi: “and he leaves his desire for My sake.” The Islamic guideline is
that anything that leads to haraam is also haraam.
30) If a person is engaged in the
act of intercourse and dawn comes, he is obliged to withdraw, and his fast will
be valid even if he ejaculates after withdrawal, but if he continues having
intercourse until after dawn, he has broken his fast, and he must repent, make
the fast up later, and offer expiation.
31) If morning comes and a person
is in a state of janaabah (impurity following sexual intercourse), this does
not affect his fasting. He or she is permitted to delay doing Ghusl, whether it
is for janaabah or following menstruation or post-natal bleeding, until dawn
has appeared (though well before sunrise), but it is better to hasten to do Ghusl
so that one can pray.
32) If a person who is fasting
sleeps and experiences a wet dream, this does not break his fast, according to
scholarly consensus (ijmaa’), so he should complete his fast. Delaying
doing Ghusl does not break the fast, but he should hasten to do Ghusl so that
he can pray and so that the angels will draw close to him.
33) If a person ejaculates during
the day in Ramadaan because of something that he could have refrained from,
such as touching or repeatedly looking at a woman, he must repent to Allaah and
fast for the rest of the day, but he also has to make up that fast later on. If
a person starts to masturbate but then stops, and does not ejaculate, then he
has to repent but he does not have to make the fast up later on, because he did
not ejaculate. The person who is fasting must keep away from everything that
may provoke his desire, and he must repel any bad thoughts that come to him.
However, according to the most correct opinion, if he emits prostatic fluid (madhiy),
this does not break his fast.
34) The emission of wadiy,
a thick sticky substance that comes out after urination, with no sense of
physical pleasure, does not break the fast, and a person does not have to do Ghusl,
but he does have to do istinjaa’ (clean his private parts) and do wudoo’[15].
“Whoever vomits unintentionally does not have to make up the fast later on, but
whoever vomits on purpose does have to make up the fast[16].”
A person who vomits deliberately, by sticking his finger down his throat or
applying pressure to his stomach, or deliberately smelling a repulsive odour,
or looking at something that could make him vomit, is obliged to make up the
fast later on. If he feels that he is about to vomit, but then it subsides by
itself, this does not break his fast, because it is not something that he can
control, but if the vomit comes into his mouth and he swallows it back down,
this does break the fast. If a person feels sick in his stomach, he does not
have to suppress the urge to vomit, because this could cause him harm[17].
35) If a person unintentionally
swallows something that is stuck between his teeth, or if it is so small that
he could not tell it was there or spit it out, this is counted as being part of
his saliva and it does not break his fast. But if it is big enough to spit out,
he should spit it out. If he spits it out, this is OK, but if he swallows it,
this breaks his fast. If it can be diluted in the mouth, in whole or in part,
and it has an added taste or sweetness, it is haraam for him to chew it. If any
of this substance reaches the throat, this breaks the fast. If a person spits
out water after rinsing his mouth, his fast is not affected by any moisture or
wetness that is left behind, because he cannot help it.
36) If a person suffers from a
nosebleed, his fast is still valid, because this is something that is beyond
his control[18].
37) If he has gum ulcers or his
gums bleed after using the Siwaak (tooth stick), it is not permissible for him
to swallow the blood; he has to spit it out. However, if some blood enters his
throat by accident, and he did not mean for that to happen, there is no need to
worry. Similarly, if vomit rises in his throat then goes back down to his
stomach without him intending for this to happen, his fast is still valid[19].
38) With regard to mucus coming
from the head (nose and sinuses) and phlegm coming from the chest by coughing
and clearing the throat, if it is swallowed before it reaches the mouth, this
does not break a person’s fast, because it is a problem which all people have;
but if it is swallowed after it reaches the mouth, this does break the fast.
However, if it is swallowed unintentionally, it does not break the fast.
39) Inhaling water vapours, as
may happen to people working in desalination plants, does not break the fast[20].
40) It is disliked (makrooh) to
taste food unnecessarily, because this carries the risk that the fast may be
broken. Examples of cases where it is necessary to taste food include a mother
chewing food for an infant when she has no other way to feed him, tasting food
to make sure that it is OK, and tasting something when making a purchase. It
was reported that Ibn ‘Abbaas said: “There is nothing wrong with tasting
vinegar or anything that one wishes to buy[21].”
41) Using Siwaak is Sunnah for
the one who is fasting at all times of the day, even if it is wet. If a person
who is fasting uses a Siwaak and detects some heat or other taste from it and
swallows it, or if he takes the Siwaak out of his mouth and sees saliva on it
then puts it back in his mouth and swallows the saliva, this does not break his
fast[22].
He should avoid any substance that can be diluted, such as the green Siwaak, or
Siwaak that has any extra flavour added to it, like lemon or mint. He should spit
out any small pieces that come off the Siwaak in his mouth; he should not
swallow them deliberately, but if he swallows them accidentally, there is no
harm done.
42) If a fasting person is
injured or suffers a nosebleed, or gets water or petrol in his mouth by
accident, this does not break his fast.
43) If he gets dust, smoke or
flies in his mouth by accident, this does not break his fast either. Things
that one cannot avoid swallowing, like one’s own saliva, or dust from grinding
flour, do not break the fast. If a person gathers a lot of saliva in his mouth
then swallows it on purpose, this does not break the fast, according to the
most correct opinion[23].
44) If tears reach one’s throat,
or if a person applies oil to his hair or moustache, or uses henna, and then detects
the taste of it in his throat, this does not break his fast. Using henna, kohl
or oil does not break the fast[24].
This also applies to creams used to moisturize and soften the skin.
45) There is nothing wrong with
smelling pleasant fragrances, using perfume or applying scented creams and the
like. There is nothing wrong with a fasting person using bukhoor (incense), so
long as he does not use it as snuff[25].
46) It is better not to use
toothpaste during the day, and to leave it till night-time, because it is too
strong[26].
47) To be on the safe side, it is
better for the fasting person not to be treated with cupping (hijaamah).
There is a strong difference of opinion on this matter. Ibn Taymiyah suggested
that the one who has cupping done breaks his fast, but the one who does it does
not break his fast.
48) Smoking breaks the fast, and
it cannot be used as an excuse not to fast. How can a sin be taken as an
excuse?!
49) Immersing oneself in water or
wrapping oneself in wet clothes in order to cool down does not break the fast.
There is nothing wrong with pouring water over one’s head to obtain relief from
heat and thirst.
50) Swimming is disliked, because
it might make one break the fast (by swallowing water). If a person’s work
involves diving and he can be sure that he will not get water in his mouth,
there is nothing wrong with this.
51) If a person eats, drinks or
has intercourse, thinking that it is still night, then he realizes that dawn
has already broken, there is no harm done, because the aayah clearly states
that it is permissible to do these things until one is sure that dawn has come.
‘Abd al-Razzaaq reported with a saheeh isnaad going back to Ibn ‘Abbaas (may
Allaah be pleased with him) that he said: “Allaah has permitted you to eat and
drink so long as there is any doubt in your mind[27].”
52) If a person breaks his fast,
thinking that the sun has already set when it has not, he must make up the fast
later on (according to the majority of scholars), because the principle is that
it is still day, and a fact that is certain cannot be rejected in favour of
something doubtful[28].
53) If dawn breaks and a person
has food or drink in his mouth, the fuqaha’ are agreed that he should spit it
out, and his fast is valid. This is like the ruling on one who eats or drinks
because he forgets, then remembers he is fasting – if he hastens to spit out
the food or drink in his mouth, his fast is still valid.
View ramadan approaching on Video with Sheik Mufti Menk https://web.facebook.com/abba.abana/videos/1874430389439820/
[2] [Translator's
Note: Having Intercourse from the back passage, adultery, homosexuality, and
bestiality are major sins in Islam and are magnified if done during the day of
Ramadhan.]
[21] (Classed as hasan in Irwa’ al-Ghaleel,
4/86; See al-Fath, commentary on Baab Ightisaal al-Saa’im, Kitaab
al-Siyaam).
[27] (Fath
al-Baari, 4/135; this is also the opinion of Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah,
Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 29/263).
[28] (Shaykh
al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah thought that it was not necessary for a person in this
situation to make up the fast).
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