RULES
AND CONDITIONS FOR SLAUGHTERING AN ANIMAL
FOR
SACRIFICE ON EID UL AD'HA
ASSEMBLED
BY MALLAM ABBA ABANA, KUBWA, ABUJA, NIGERIA
http://variousislamicdawadocuments.blogspot.com
https://web.facebook.com/abba.abana
emails:gonidamgamiri@yahoo.com;
abba.abana@gmail.com
SATURDAY
3rd AUGUST 2019 CE and 2nd DHUL HAJJ 1440 AH
TEL
+2348186961697 (WHATSAPP ONLY)
Praise be to Allaah; we seek His help and His forgiveness.
We seek refuge with Allaah from the evil of our own souls and from our bad
deeds. Whomsoever Allaah guides will never be led astray, and whomsoever Allaah
leaves astray, no one can guide. I bear witness that there is no god but
Allaah, and I bear witness that Muhammad (Sallalhu alaihi Wasalam) is His slave
and Messenger.
PREAMBLE
Conditions for an
animal to be a valid
sacrifice for Eid A-Adha. Condition should be from the an’aam class
which includes animals such as camels, cattle, sheep, and goats.
One must understand
that the Sacrifice of Eid Al Adha as practiced by Muslims has nothing to
do with atoning to one’s sins or washing the sins with the blood of an
animal. Qurbani or Udhiyah as it is widely referred to, is a significant
religious practice in Islam performed all over the world by billions of Muslims
on Eid-ul-Adha and the two days following it. It is the eid in
which we all the Muslims follow the story of Ibrahim and Ismail (AS) and give Qurbani
of different animals and then distribute the meat among poor,
relatives and enjoy it themselves too.
Our beloved Messenger of ALLAH said: “There are no days in
which righteous deeds are more beloved to ALLAH than these ten days (Dhul
Hijjah). Therefore we should increase the amount of good deeds we do in order
to take advantage of this blessed time where good deeds are increased
significantly.
Let's not waste this precious time: We should worship during
the 10 days and nights without being distracted by worldly tasks.
We must make a firm intention that during these blessed 10
days that we will not take part in idle talk, watch TV, play computer games or
spend time on the social media aside learning and teaching.
There are many more days in the year for all that if you
really cannot resist. This is just 10 days! Consider the utter loss and regret
for those who waste these blessed 10 days. Let's strive to recite Quran more,
busy our tongue with AZKAAR, fast as many days as you can, help the needy
especially our relatives for the Eid celebrations etc.
1.0 IS QURBANI
(SACRIFICE) MANDATORY?
Question.) Is there any reference in the Holy Qur'an that
Qurbani is mandatory for non-Hajis on Eid-ul-Adha or is it a Sunnah on those
that have the financial perquisites? [Farabi Mufti]
Answer.) We should understand that not everything has been
explained in the Qur'an itself. The Hadith also clarifies and explains many
things of the Qur'an, e.g. the number of rakats in our daily salats, etc.
Mullah Ali Qari (RA) states in Mirqaat, the commentary of
Mishkaat that Qurbani is legislated in Shari'ah by consensus of opinion. It is
mentioned in the Qur'an, 'Perform Salat for your Lord and slaughter' (Surah
Kawthar). The majority of commentators of the noble Qur'an say it means,
'Perform Salatul Eid for your Lord and slaughter the animal.'
The Hanafi scholars take the command of Allah to slaughter
as Wujoob (necessary) because of the Hadith of Nabi, 'Whosoever has the wealth
to slaughter and does not, then he should not come to our Eid-Gah.' (Mirqaat)
It is only wajib upon those who own the value of Nisab on
the morning of Eid-ul-Adha. And Allah Ta'ala Knows Best
2.0 WHO IS
OBLIGED TO OFFER THE SACRIFICE?
‘Qurbani’ is ‘wajib’ (compulsory) according to Imam Abu
Hanifah (and sunnat-e-muakkadah according to other Imams) upon every ‘mukeem’
(domiciled) and who possesses 613.35 grams of silver or its equivalent in
money, personal ornaments, stock in trade or any other form of wealth
which is surplus to his/her basic needs. Each adult member of a family who
possesses that much wealth must perform his/her own ‘Qurbani’ separately.
Hazrat Ibn Umar reports that the Messenger of Allah lived in
Madinah Munawarah for ten years and performed ‘Qurbani’ every year. (Tirmizi)
Note: Despite the fact that the Prophet was not obliged to
sacrifice as he never possessed the required amount of wealth, he still did so
as can be conceived from the above Hadith.
3.0 CAN A
SACRIFICE BE MADE ON BEHALF OF SOMEONE ELSE?
A sacrifice can be made on behalf of others such as minor
offspring. This offering is not ‘Wajib’ (compulsory) but is ‘Mustahab’
(desirable). Similarly if one decides to sacrifice on behalf of the spouse or a
father decides to sacrifice on behalf of an adult offspring (apart from
offering his/her own ‘Qurbani’) can do so with their permission. A sacrifice
can also be made on behalf of a deceased Muslim. This can be classified into
three categories:
1- If the deceased had made a will for a sacrifice then, it
is permissible to sacrifice to fulfil the will but is incumbent to give all the
meat of the sacrificed animal to the poor and needy (those who are entitled to
receive ‘Zakaat’). ("Vide Shami" vol.5 p293)
2- Whether or not the deceased had made this will, his/her
relative or friends can make a ‘nafl’ (voluntary) sacrifice from their own
money; the meat of this sacrificed animal can be partaken by the rich and poor
alike.
3- One may make a voluntary sacrifice from one’s own wealth
for the deceased persons and this meat can partaken by all, rich and poor.
If one’s intention is of mere remittance of recompense to a
dead person then it will be superior to slaughter an animal during the Days of
‘Nahar’ instead of giving money in charity. This is because reward is attained
both for spending wealth and for sacrificing.
In a ‘Hadith’ it is stated.
Hazrat Hanash reported: I saw Hazrat Ali sacrificing two
rams. I asked him, "What is this?" He said: "Verily the
Messenger of Allah left instruction to me to sacrifice on his behalf, and so I
am sacrificing on his behalf. (Tirmizi, Abu Daud)
Note: Rasulullah is so generous that he had sacrificed on
behalf of his whole ‘Ummah’ and we see here Hazrat Ali sacrificing for
Rasulullah after he has passed away. We learn from this that we should also put
a share of Rasulullah in our sacrifice.
4.0 IS THERE A
SPECIFIC AGE FOR THE SACRIFICIAL ANIMAL? IS IT PERMISSIBLE TO SLAUGHTER A COW
AS A SACRIFICE WHEN IT IS ONE AND A HALF YEARS OLD?
How old should the sacrificial animal be? Minimum age for
sacrificial animals: See al-Majmoo’ by al-Nawawi, 1/176.
a. Cows: 2 years
b. Camels: 5 years
c. Goats: 12 months
d. Sheep: 12 months (Hanafis and Hanbalis regarded as 6
months)
1. Every sane adult male and female Muslim who can afford to
sacrifice an animal should sacrifice one as an act of worship
2. The animals can be sacrificed starting from after the Eid
salaah on 10th DhulHijjah until 13th DhulHijjah.
3. Eligible animals are: Goats, Sheep, Cows, and Camels
4. Goats and sheep must be at least 12 months old
5. Cows and camels also have a minimum age.
6. A goat/sheep may be slaughtered only as a single
sacrifice i.e. it forms only a single share.
7. Up to seven people can jointly sacrifice one cow or one
camel i.e. a cow/camel can have up to seven shares.
8. A sacrificial animal should be free of any physical
defect: injury, wound, deformity, etc.
9. The animal must be slaughtered in the Islamic manner:
a. Place the animal on its side facing Qiblah
b. Slaughter it using a very sharp knife, slide the knife
two and a half times across the throat slicing the jugular vein and draining
all the blood
c. Slaughter it out of sight of other sacrificial animals
d. Recite ALLAAHU AKBAR at the time of slaughtering
10. The slaughtered animal's meat should be shared in three
lots:
a. One third to the poor and needy.
b. One third to friends and relatives.
c. One third for self.
11. The skin, intestines, head, hooves etc SHOULD NOT be
given as payment to the slaughterer.
12. The Muslim who intends to slaughter SHOULD NOT clip
his/her nails or trim any hair from the time of the new crescent of Dhul Hijjah
UNTIL AFTER offering the sacrifice.
References Read more about the Eidul Adha here:
https://islamqa.info/en/41899
5.0 HOW OLD
SHOULD THE SACRIFICIAL ANIMAL BE?
Is there a specific age for the sacrificial animal? Is it
permissible to slaughter a cow as a sacrifice when it is one and a half years
old?
Answer
Firstly:
The scholars (may Allaah have mercy on them) are agreed that
Islam has prescribed the age for sacrificial animals and it is not permissible
to slaughter animals that are younger than that. Whoever slaughters an animal
that is younger than that, it does not count as a sacrifice.
See al-Majmoo’ by al-Nawawi, 1/176.
For example, al-Bukhaari (5556) and Muslim (1961) narrated
that al-Bara’ ibn ‘Aazib (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: A maternal uncle
of mine whose name was Abu Burdah slaughtered his sacrifice before the prayer,
and the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to
him: “Your sheep is a sheep for meat (i.e., not a sacrifice).” He said: “O
Messenger of Allaah, I have a young goat (according to another report: I have a
young she-goat) (according to a report by al-Bukhaari (5563): I have a jadha’ah
which is better than two musinnahs – shall I sacrifice it?)” The Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Sacrifice it, but that will not be
valid for anyone but you.” According to another report: “It will not count for
anyone after you.” Then he said: “Whoever slaughters (the animal) before the
prayer has slaughtered it for himself, and whoever slaughters it after the
prayer has offered the sacrifice and followed the way of the Muslims.”
This hadeeth indicates that a jadha’ah of goats (young goat)
is not sufficient as a sacrifice. We will explain below what jadha’ah means.
Ibn al-Qayyim said in Tahdheeb al-Sunan:
The phrase “It will not count for anyone after you” is a
definitive statement that it would not count for anyone after him. End quote.
Muslim (1963) narrated that Jaabir (may Allaah be pleased
with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) said: “Do not slaughter anything but a musinnah, unless it is too hard for
you, in which case you should slaughter a young sheep (jadha’ah min al-da’n).
This hadeeth also clearly states that only a musinnah can be
slaughtered, except in the case of sheep, where a jadha’ah may be offered.
Al-Nawawi said in Sharh Muslim:
The scholars said:
A musinnah is a thaniyyah of anything, camel, cow or sheep,
or anything over that age. This clearly indicates that it is not permissible to
slaughter a jadha’ah of any animal in any circumstances, except sheep. End
quote.
Al-Haafiz said in al-Talkhees, 4/285:
The apparent meaning of the hadeeth suggests that a jadha’ah
of sheep is not permissible except if one cannot find a musinnah. Scholarly
consensus says something different, so this hadeeth should be understood as
referring to what is better. So it is mustahabb not to slaughter anything but a
musinnah. End quote.
Al-Nawawi said in Sharh Muslim:
It says in ‘Awn al-Ma’bood:
This interpretation is the one which is correct. End quote.
Then he quoted some of the ahaadeeth which indicate that it
is permissible to offer a jadha’ah of sheep as a sacrifice, such as the hadeeth
of ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Aamir (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said: “We slaughtered
a jadha’ah of sheep with the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him).” Narrated by al-Nasaa’i, 4382. al-Haafiz said: Its isnaad is
qawiy (strong). It was classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Nasaa’i.
It says in al-Mawsoo’ah al-Fiqhiyyah (5/83) concerning the
conditions of udhiyah:
The second condition is that it should have reached the age
of sacrifice, by being a thaniyyah or older in the case of camels, cows and
goats, and jadha’ah or older in the case of sheep. A sacrifice does not count
if the animal is younger than a thaniyyah except in the case of sheep, or if it
is sheep that is younger than a jadha’ah…. The fuqaha’ are agreed upon this
condition, but they differed as to what is meant by thaniyyah and jadha’ah. End
quote.
Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
I do not know of any dissent with the view that a jadha’ah
of goats or anything else that is offered as a sacrifice apart from sheep is
not permissible. Rather it is permissible to sacrifice a thaniyyah or anything
older than of all of these. It is permissible to sacrifice a jadha’ah of sheep
according to the Sunnah. End quote from Tarteeb al-Tamheed, 10/267.
Al-Nawawi said in al-Majmoo’ (8/366):
The Ummah is agreed that with regard to camels, cows and
goats, nothing will do except a thaniyyah, and with regard to sheep, nothing
will do but a jadha’ah, and that these are all acceptable. But some of our
companions narrated that Ibn ‘Umar and al-Zuhri said: A jadha’ah of sheep does
not count. It was narrated from ‘Ata’ and al-‘Awzaa’i that a jadha’ah of
camels, cows, goats and sheep does count. End quote.
Secondly:
With regard to the stipulated age of sacrificial animals,
the scholars differed concerning that.
A jadha’ah of sheep is a sheep that has reached the age of
six months, according to the Hanafis and Hanbalis. According to the Maalikis
and Shaafa’is it is a sheep that has reached the age of one year.
The musinnah (or thaniyyah) of goats is one that has reached
the age of one year according to the Hanafis, Maalikis and Hanbalis. According
to the Shaafa’is, it is one that has reached the age of two years.
The musinnah of cows is one of the has reached the age of
two years according to the Hanafis, Shaafa’is and Hanbalis; according to the
Maalikis it is one that has reached the age of three years.
The musinnah of camels is one that has reached the age of
five years according to the Hanafis, Maalikis, Shaafa’is and Hanbalis.
See Badaa’i’ al-Sanaa’i’, 5/70; al-Bahr al-Raa’iq, 8/202;
al-Taaj wa’l-Ikleel, 4/363; Sharh Mukhtasar Khaleel, 3/34; al-Majmoo’, 8/365;
al-Mughni, 13/368.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in
Ahkaam al-Udhiyah:
The thaniyyah of camels is one that has reached the age of
five years. The thaniyyah of cows is one that has reached the age of two years.
The thaniyyah of sheep is one that has reached the age of one year. The
jadha’ah is one that has reached the age of half a year. It is not acceptable
to offer anything younger than a thaniyyah in the case of camels, cows and
goats, or anything younger than a jadha’ah in the case of sheep.
It says in Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah (11/377):
The shar’i evidence indicates that a sheep that has reached
the age of six months may count as a sacrifice, as may a goat that has reached
the age of one year, a cow that has reached the age of two years, and a camel
that has reached the age of five years. Anything younger than that does not
count as a hadiy or udhiyah. This is what the Qur’aan refers to when it says
(interpretation of the meaning): “sacrifice a Hady (animal, i.e. a sheep, a
cow, or a camel) such as you can afford” [al-Baqarah 2:196], because the texts
of the Qur’aan and Sunnah explain one another. End quote.
Al-Kaasaani said in Badaa’i’ al-Sanaa’i’ (5/70):
These ages, as defined in sharee’ah, are minimum ages, not
maximum ages. Sacrificing an animal that is younger than that is not permitted,
but if an animal that is older than that is sacrificed, it is permitted and is
better. It is not permitted to sacrifice a lamb, kid (young goat), calf or
young camel, because the ages of animals that we have mentioned were narrated
in sharee’ah and these were not mentioned among them. End quote.
So it is clear that slaughtering a cow that is younger than
two years old will not count as a sacrifice according to any of the imams. References
Q&A, Question, 41899
6.0 BEST METHOD OF OFFERING
Hazrat Abu Hurairah reports that the Apostle of Allah has said:
"Whoever has the capacity to sacrifice and does not do so, should not come
to the place where the Eid prayer is offered." (Ibn Majah). Hence we can
understand the importance of ‘Udhiya’ from the above ‘Hadith’, therefore each
and every Muslim who is obliged should offer it, and if possible within their
domicile. This will not only create an atmosphere of ‘Eid’ and ‘Qurbani’ in the
community but will also serve as a lesson for generations to come.
The Qur'an never says that Allah told Abraham to kill
(sacrifice) his son. It teaches us that Abraham had a dream in which he saw
himself slaughtering his son. Abraham believed the dream and thought that the
dream was from Allah. However, in Abraham and Ismail’s willingness to make the
ultimate sacrifice-Abraham of his son, Ismail of his own life-they are able to
transcend notions of self and false attachment to the material realm, thus
removing a veil between themselves and Allah.
As far as the yearly tradition that has followed this event,
that is, the sacrificing of a ram to commemorate Abraham and Ismail’s great
self-sacrifice, we must understand it and the Qur'anic verses that pertain to
animal sacrifice, in relation to the time and place circumstances under which these
revelations were received and how people were trying to make a personal
sacrifice by sharing their limited means of survival with the poorer members of
their community.
That is to say, the underlying implication of Islam’s
attitude towards ritual slaughter is not that of blood atonement, or seeking
favour with Allah through another’s death, but rather, the act of thanking
Allah for one’s sustenance and the personal sacrifice of sharing one’s
possessions and valuable food with one’s fellow humans. The ritual itself is
not the sacrifice. It is merely a method of killing where the individuals kill
as quickly as possible and acknowledge that only Allah has the right to take a
life and that they do so as a humble member of Allah’s creation in need of sustenance
just like every other species in Allah’s creation.
7.0 HOW MANY
CAMELS DID PROPHET (‘Sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam’) SLAUGHTERED DURING HIS
FAREWELL HAJJ
Volume 2, Book 26, Number 623: Narrated Anas bin Malik:
Allah's Apostle offered four Rakat of Zuhr prayer at Medina and we were in his
company, and two Rakat of the Asr prayer at Dhul-Hulaifa and then passed the
night there till it was dawn; then he rode, and when he reached Al-Baida', he
praised and glorified Allah and said Takbir (i.e. Alhamdu-lillah and
Subhanallah(1) and Allahu-Akbar). Then he and the people along with him recited
Talbiya with the intention of performing Hajj and Umra. When we reached (Mecca)
he ordered us to finish the lhram (after performing the Umra) (only those who
had no Hadi (animal for sacrifice) with them were asked to do so) till the day
of Tarwiya that is 8th Dhul-Hijja when they assumed Ihram for Hajj. The Prophet
sacrificed many camels (slaughtering them) with his own hands while standing.
While Allah's Apostle was in Medina he sacrificed two horned rams black and
white in color in the Name of Allah."
8.0 NIGERIAN ZAKKAH NISAB FOR DHUL HAJJ FOR THOSE PAYING DUES
8.0 NIGERIAN ZAKKAH NISAB FOR DHUL HAJJ FOR THOSE PAYING DUES
Date: 1st Dhul Hijjah 1440H/ 2nd August 2019 (Zakat Nisab)
Zakkah Nisab (Gold): N1,417,680
Haddin sata/ Sadaki/ Dowry/ Theft: N17,721
Diyyar rai / Blood Money: N70,884,000
Source: Islamic timing and research
org. (Tel 08033140010 or 07032558231)
And Allaah knows best.
SOURCES
a.
thethinkingmuslim.com/2015/10/27/summary-of...
c.
www.msn.com/en-xl/news/other/top-facts-about-eid...
d.
resources.itimaar.co.uk/rules-on-qurbani-of-eid...
e.
www.muslimaid.org/media-centre/news/important...
f.
eiduladha2018.com/qurbani-rules
g. www.muslimaid.org/.../qurbani/qurbani-rules
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