Avoid 70 Major Sins[1] - Series No 6 of 70
Introduction
The punishment for breaking the fast in Ramadaan with no excuse[2]
We’ve noticed that many people don’t like to talk about the “punishments”. They just like to talk about the rewards because that’s “being positive”.
We wonder what would happen if they read the Quran and saw that Allah speaks about both reward and punishment, many times in back to back ayaat?
And the way of Allah is the best way i.e. to mention both sides of the picture. So, when talking about any deed we should mention 1) the virtues of doing that deed in order to encourage the person to do it and 2) the punishment for leaving that deed (if it is an obligatory deed) so as to scare the person into continuing that deed.
What happens to those who do not fast in Ramadan; it is one of the Major Sins not to fast in Ramadan (without a valid excuse).
Whoever does not fast in Ramadaan without being sick or having any other excuse that allows him not to fast is more evil than the adulterer or drunkard, indeed they doubted his Islam and thought that this was heresy.[3]
1.0 Obligation of the fast of month of Ramadan in Islam
Holy Quarn Al-Baqara Chapter 2 Verses 183-186
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُتِبَ عَلَيۡڪُمُ ٱلصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِڪُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُونَ (١٨٣) أَيَّامً۬ا مَّعۡدُودَٲتٍ۬ۚ فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ۬ فَعِدَّةٌ۬ مِّنۡ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۚ وَعَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ ۥ فِدۡيَةٌ۬ طَعَامُ مِسۡكِينٍ۬ۖ فَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيۡرً۬ا فَهُوَ خَيۡرٌ۬ لَّهُ ۥۚ وَأَن تَصُومُواْ خَيۡرٌ۬ لَّڪُمۡۖ إِن كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ (١٨٤) شَہۡرُ رَمَضَانَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أُنزِلَ فِيهِ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ هُدً۬ى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَـٰتٍ۬ مِّنَ ٱلۡهُدَىٰ وَٱلۡفُرۡقَانِۚ فَمَن شَہِدَ مِنكُمُ ٱلشَّہۡرَ فَلۡيَصُمۡهُۖ وَمَن ڪَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ۬ فَعِدَّةٌ۬ مِّنۡ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۗ يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ بِڪُمُ ٱلۡيُسۡرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِڪُمُ ٱلۡعُسۡرَ وَلِتُڪۡمِلُواْ ٱلۡعِدَّةَ وَلِتُڪَبِّرُواْ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَٮٰكُمۡ وَلَعَلَّڪُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ (١٨٥) وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِى عَنِّى فَإِنِّى قَرِيبٌ ۖ أُجِيبُ دَعۡوَةَ ٱلدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِۖ فَلۡيَسۡتَجِيبُواْ لِى وَلۡيُؤۡمِنُواْ بِى لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡشُدُونَ
(182) O ye who believe! fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you that ye may (learn) self-restraint.― (183) (Fasting) for a fixed number of days; but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the prescribed number (should be made up) from days later. For those who can do it (with hardship) is a ransom, the feeding of one that is indigent. But he that will give more of his own free-will―it is better for him, and it is better for you that ye fast, if ye only knew. (184) Ramadan is the (month) in which was sent down the Qur'an as a guide to mankind also clear (Signs) for guidance and judgment (between right and wrong). So everyone of you who is present (at his home) during that month should spent it in fasting, but if anyone is ill, or on a journey, the prescribed period (should be made up) by days later. Allah intends every facility for you He does not want to put you to difficulties. (He wants you) to complete the prescribed period, and to glorify Him in that He has guided you; and perchance ye shall be grateful. (185) When My servants ask thee concerning Me, I am indeed close (to them); I listen to the prayer of every suppliant when he calleth on Me; let them also with a will listen to My call and believe in Me; that they may walk in the right way. (186)
2.0 Breaking One's Fast During Ramadan Without An Excuse
Allah, the Most High, says, (see AI-Baqarah: 183-184) above
The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Islam is built upon five pillars: Testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, performing prayers, paying Zakat, making pilgrimage and fasting in Ramadan.”[4] It was related that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said;
"Whoever breaks a fast during Ramadan" without an excuse or illness could not requite it by fasting a lifetime, were he to do so.”[5]
Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said; "Principles of Islam are three: testifying that there is no god but Allah, prayers and fasting in Ramadan. Whoever misses anyone of them has disbelieved.”[6] We seek Allah's refuge from them.
3.0 Question and Answer Session on The Punishment for not fasting during Ramadan (without a valid excuse)[7]
3.1 Question: I do not fast. Will I be punished on the Day of Resurrection?
Answer: Praise be to Allaah.
Fasting in Ramadaan is one of the pillars on which Islam is built. Allaah tells us that He has prescribed it for the believers of this ummah [nation], as He prescribed it for those who came before them. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): “O you who believe! Observing As-Sawm (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become Al-Muttaqoon (the pious” [al-Baqarah 2:183 & 2:185].
Al-Bukhaari (8) and Muslim (16) narrated that Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Islam is built on five (pillars): the testimony that there is no god but Allaah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah; establishing prayer; paying zakaah; Hajj; and fasting Ramadaan.”
Whoever does not fast has abandoned one of the pillars of Islam, and is committing a grave major sin. Indeed some of the salaf were of the view that he is a kaafir [disbeliever] and apostate – we seek refuge with Allaah from that.
Abu Ya’la narrated in his Musnad from Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The bonds of Islam and the bases of religion are three, on which Islam was founded. Whoever gives up one of them becomes a kaafir thereby and it is permissible to shed his blood: the testimony that there is no god but Allaah, the prescribed prayers and fasting Ramadaan.”[8]
A saheeh report which warns against not fasting was narrated by Ibn Khuzaymah (1986) and Ibn Hibbaan (7491) from Abu Umaamah al-Baahili who said: I heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: “Whilst I was sleeping two men came to me and took my by the arm and brought me to a cragged mountain. They said, ‘Climb up.’ I said, ‘I cannot.’ They said, ‘We will make it easy for you.’ So I climbed up until I was at the top of the mountain. Then I heard loud voices. I said, ‘What are these voices?’ They said, ‘This is the howling of the people of Hell.” Then I was taken until I saw people hanging by their hamstrings, with the sides of their mouths torn and blood pouring from their mouths.’ I said, ‘Who are these?’ He said, ‘These are people who broke their fast before it was time.’”[9]
Al-Albaani (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: This is the punishment of those who fasted then broke the fast deliberately before the time for breaking the fast came, so who about those who do not fast at all? We ask Allaah to keep us safe and sound in this world and in the Hereafter.
Our advice to the brother who asked this question is to fear Allaah and to beware of His wrath, vengeance and a painful punishment. He should hasten to repent to Allaah before the destroyer of pleasures that splits people apart [i.e., death] takes him unawares. Today there is action and no reckoning, but tomorrow there will be the reckoning and no action. Note that whoever repents, Allaah will accept his repentance, and whoever draws closer to Allaah one hand span, Allaah will draw closer to him one cubit. For Allaah is Most Generous, Forbearing and Most Merciful, as He says (interpretation of the meaning): “Know they not that Allaah accepts repentance from His slaves and takes the Sadaqaat (alms, charity), and that Allaah Alone is the One Who forgives and accepts repentance, Most Merciful?” [al-Tawbah 9:104]
If you try fasting and find out how easy it is and what comfort it brings and how close it brings you to Allaah, you will never give it up.
Think about what Allaah says at the end of the verses on fasting (interpretation of the meaning):
“Allaah intends for you ease, and He does not want to make things difficult for you” [al-Baqarah 2:185]
The phrase, “so that you may be grateful to Him” shows that fasting is a blessing for which we must give thanks. Hence some of the salaf used to wish that the whole year was Ramadaan.
We ask Allaah to help you and guide you, and to open your heart to that which will bring you happiness in this world and in the Hereafter.
3.2 Question[10]
He prays but he does not fast in Ramadan – does that make him a kaafir?
Is a person who does not fast a kaafir, if he still prays, and he does not fast even though he is not sick and has no other excuse?
Answer: Praise be to Allaah.
Whoever does not fast because he denies that it is obligatory is a kaafir according to scholarly consensus. If a person does not fast because he is lazy or heedless, some scholars say that that makes him a kaafir, although the correct view is that it does not, but he is in serious danger because he has forsaken one of the pillars of Islam on which there is consensus that it is obligatory. And he deserves to be punished and disciplined by the ruler in such a manner as to deter him from this. He must also make up the fasts that he has missed and repent to Allaah.
3.3 Question[11]: Breaking one’s fast in Ramadaan deliberately, with no excuse
A woman did not fast in Ramadaan for three days, with no excuse, rather she did that out of heedlessness. What is the ruling on that, and what does she have to do?
Answer: Praise be to Allaah.
If the situation is as described, and this lady did not fast three days of Ramadaan out of heedlessness and not because she believed it was permissible to do so, then she has committed a serious major sin by violating the sanctity of Ramadaan. Fasting Ramadaan is one of the pillars of Islam, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): “O you who believe! Observing As-Sawm (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become Al-Muttaqoon (the pious).
[Observing Sawm (fasts)] for a fixed number of days, but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days. And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskeen (poor person) (for every day). But whoever does good of his own accord, it is better for him. And that you fast is better for you if only you know.
So she must fast three days to make up for those days when she did not fast. If she had intercourse during the day on those three days when she did not fast, she must also offer expiation (kafaarah) for that day as well as making up the fast. If she had intercourse on two days then she must offer two expiations, as well as making up two days. The expiation is to free a slave; if that is not possible then she must fast for two consecutive months; if she is unable to do that then she must feed sixty poor persons from the local staple food. She must also seek the forgiveness of Allaah and repent to Him; she must observe the fasts that Allaah has enjoined on her and sincerely resolve not to break her fast in Ramadaan again. She must also feed one poor person for each of the three days because of her delay in making up the fasts until after the following Ramadaan.
3.4 Question[12]: How should we deal with Muslims who do not fast in Ramadaan? What is the best way to call them to fast?
Answer: Praise be to Allaah.
What should be done is to call these Muslims to fast and encourage them to do so, and warn them against being heedless and negligent. This may be done in the following ways:
1 – Informing them that it is obligatory to fast, and telling them of its great importance in Islam, for it is one of the great pillars upon which Islam is built.
2 – Reminding them of the immense reward which comes from fasting, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever fasts Ramadaan out of faith and in the hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgiven.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 38; Muslim, 760.
And he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever believes in Allaah and His Messenger, and establishes regular prayer and fasts Ramadaan, it will be his due that Allaah will admit him to Paradise, whether he strives in jihad for the sake of Allaah or stays in the land in which he was born.” They said: “O Messenger of Allaah, should we not give these glad tidings to the people?” He said: “In Paradise there are one hundred levels which Allaah has prepared for those who strive in jihad for the sake of Allaah, and the distance between each two levels is like the distance between the heaven and the earth. When you ask of Allaah, ask him for al-Firdaws, for it is in the middle of Paradise, the highest part of Paradise. Above it is the Throne of the Most Merciful and from it spring forth the rivers of Paradise.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 7423.
And he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Allaah says: ‘Fasting is for Me and I shall reward for it. He gives up his desire and his food and drink for My sake. Fasting is a shield, and the fasting person has two moments of joy, one when he breaks his fast and one when he meets his Lord. And the odour that comes from the mouth of a fasting person is better before Allaah than the fragrance of musk.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 7492; Muslim, 1151.
3 – Warning the one who does not fast, and explaining that this is a major sin. Ibn Khuzaymah (1986) and Ibn Hibbaan (7491) narrated that Abu Umaamah al-Baahili (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: “Whilst I was sleeping, two men came to me and took hold of my upper arm, and brought me to a rugged mountain. They said: ‘Climb up.’ I said: ‘I cannot do it.’ They said: ‘We will make it easy for you.’ So I climbed up until I was at the top of the mountain. There I heard loud voices. I said: ‘What are these voices?’ They said: ‘This is the screaming of the people of Hell.’ Then I was taken and I saw people suspended by their ankles, with the corners of their mouths torn and pouring with blood. I said: ‘Who are these?’ They said: ‘These are the people who broke their fast before it was time to do so.’” Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Mawaarid al-Zam’aan, 1509.
Al-Albaani (may Allaah have mercy on him) commented: I say: This is the punishment of the one who fasted then deliberately broke his fast before the time for iftaar had come. So how about one who does not fast at all? We ask Allaah to keep us safe and sound in this world and in the Hereafter[13].
5 – Explaining how easy and straightforward fasting is, and the joy and contentment that there is in it, and how it brings peace of mind, as well as the joy and delight in worship during the days and nights of the fast, by reading Qur’aan and praying qiyaam.
6 – Inviting them to listen to some lectures and read some books that speak of the fast and its importance and discuss various issues of fasting.
7 – Not getting bored or tired of calling them and reminding them, speaking in a kind and gentle manner, as well as praying sincerely for them to be guided and forgiven.
3.5 Question: What is the ruling on breaking a fast when making up an obligatory fast?.Answer: Praise be to Allaah.
If a person starts an obligatory fast, such as making up a missed Ramadaan fast or offering expiation for breaking a vow (kafaarat yameen), it is not permissible for him to break the fast without a valid excuse, such as sickness or travel.
If he breaks his fast – with or without an excuse – he has to make up that day, but he does not have to offer any expiation, because expiation is only required for intercourse during the day in Ramadaan[14].
If he breaks the fast with no excuse, then he has to repent to Allaah for this haraam action.
Ibn Qudaamah (4/412) said: If a person starts an obligatory fast, such as making up a missed Ramadaan fast, or a fast that he vowed to observe, or an expiatory fast, it is not permissible for him to break the fast. There is no scholarly difference of opinion on this point, praise be to Allaah.
Al-Nawawi said in al-Majmoo’ (6/383): If a person has intercourse during a fast other than in Ramadaan, such as making up a missed fast, or a fast that he vowed to observe, etc, no expiation (kafaarah) is required. This is the view of the majority. Qutaadah said: He has to offer expiation if he broke a fast that he was observing to make up for a missed Ramadaan fast.
3.6 Question[15]:I was fasting one day to make up for a missed fast, but after Zuhr prayer I felt hungry so I ate and drank deliberately, not because I had forgotten or was unaware. What is the ruling on this action of mine?
Answer: He replied:
You have to complete the fast. It is not permissible to break the fast if that was an obligatory fast such as making up a missed Ramadaan fast or a fast that you vowed to observe. You also have to repent from what you did. Whoever repents to Allaah, Allaah will accept his repentance.
Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked (20/451):
If a person starts an obligatory fast, such as making up a missed Ramadaan fast or offering expiation for breaking a vow (kafaarat yameen), it is not permissible for him to break the fast without a valid excuse, such as sickness or travel.
If he breaks his fast – with or without an excuse – he has to make up that day, but he does not have to offer any expiation, because expiation is only required for intercourse during the day in Ramadaan[14].
If he breaks the fast with no excuse, then he has to repent to Allaah for this haraam action.
Ibn Qudaamah (4/412) said: If a person starts an obligatory fast, such as making up a missed Ramadaan fast, or a fast that he vowed to observe, or an expiatory fast, it is not permissible for him to break the fast. There is no scholarly difference of opinion on this point, praise be to Allaah.
Al-Nawawi said in al-Majmoo’ (6/383): If a person has intercourse during a fast other than in Ramadaan, such as making up a missed fast, or a fast that he vowed to observe, etc, no expiation (kafaarah) is required. This is the view of the majority. Qutaadah said: He has to offer expiation if he broke a fast that he was observing to make up for a missed Ramadaan fast.
3.6 Question[15]:I was fasting one day to make up for a missed fast, but after Zuhr prayer I felt hungry so I ate and drank deliberately, not because I had forgotten or was unaware. What is the ruling on this action of mine?
Answer: He replied:
You have to complete the fast. It is not permissible to break the fast if that was an obligatory fast such as making up a missed Ramadaan fast or a fast that you vowed to observe. You also have to repent from what you did. Whoever repents to Allaah, Allaah will accept his repentance.
Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked (20/451):
3.6.1 Question: In the past I fasted to make up for what I owed, then I broke the fast deliberately. After that I made up that fast one day. I do not know whether that is sufficient or do I have to fast two consecutive months? Do I have to offer expiation? Please advise me.
Answer: He replied:
If a person starts an obligatory fast, such as making up a missed Ramadaan fast or offering expiation for breaking a vow (kafaarat yameen), or expiation for shaving during Hajj if he shaved his head before exiting ihraam, or any other obligatory fast, it is not permissible for him to break the fast without a valid shar’i excuse. The same applies to anyone who starts an obligatory action – he has to complete it and it is not permissible for him to stop it unless he has a legitimate shar’i excuse that allows him to stop. This woman who started to make up a fast then broke her fast one day with no excuse and made up that day does not have to do anything else, but she has to repent and ask Allaah for forgiveness for breaking an obligatory fast with no excuse.
Answer: He replied:
If a person starts an obligatory fast, such as making up a missed Ramadaan fast or offering expiation for breaking a vow (kafaarat yameen), or expiation for shaving during Hajj if he shaved his head before exiting ihraam, or any other obligatory fast, it is not permissible for him to break the fast without a valid shar’i excuse. The same applies to anyone who starts an obligatory action – he has to complete it and it is not permissible for him to stop it unless he has a legitimate shar’i excuse that allows him to stop. This woman who started to make up a fast then broke her fast one day with no excuse and made up that day does not have to do anything else, but she has to repent and ask Allaah for forgiveness for breaking an obligatory fast with no excuse.
3.6.2 What is the ruling on breaking a fast when making up an obligatory fast?.
Must I keep 60 penalty fasts for each saum of Ramadan that I violated, or Do I make qadah of each one?
Question: When I was a teenager I use to have lustful thoughts during Ramadan which caused excitement therefore nullifying my fasts. How do I make up for these? I know the punishement for breaking even one fast is fasting for two months continuously. What do I do in my case? I probably violated most of the fasts for every Ramadan over a period of many years. I am so ashamed of myself and I DESPERATELY NEED TO FIND OUT HOW TO MAKE UP FOR THESE FASTS OF RAMADAN. #2) Also, if after marriage I violated a fast by passionate kissing or touching of private parts but not intercourse, how do I do the penalty for that kind of violation of my fast?
Answer[16]Kaffaarah (fasting for two months continuously) has to be given only if you have sexual relations interntionally in one of the private parts.
If you had an ejaculation through kissing, thoughts, touching, etc. then Qadhaa has to be made of that fast only and no Kaffaarah has to be kept. Therefore you should try and recall how many fasts you had broken and in whuich way and accordingly compensate. 3.7 Question: I Was Told That Breaking The Fast In Ramadhan On Purpose Means You Need To Fast 60 Days - Two Months Straight. But On My Search I Found A Fatwaa On Ask Imaam And Islam q & A That Says This Only occurs If You And Husband Have Relations In The Day. During Fast In Ramadhan. And If you Break Your Fast You Need To Just Make One Im Confused.
Question: When I was a teenager I use to have lustful thoughts during Ramadan which caused excitement therefore nullifying my fasts. How do I make up for these? I know the punishement for breaking even one fast is fasting for two months continuously. What do I do in my case? I probably violated most of the fasts for every Ramadan over a period of many years. I am so ashamed of myself and I DESPERATELY NEED TO FIND OUT HOW TO MAKE UP FOR THESE FASTS OF RAMADAN. #2) Also, if after marriage I violated a fast by passionate kissing or touching of private parts but not intercourse, how do I do the penalty for that kind of violation of my fast?
Answer[16]Kaffaarah (fasting for two months continuously) has to be given only if you have sexual relations interntionally in one of the private parts.
If you had an ejaculation through kissing, thoughts, touching, etc. then Qadhaa has to be made of that fast only and no Kaffaarah has to be kept. Therefore you should try and recall how many fasts you had broken and in whuich way and accordingly compensate. 3.7 Question: I Was Told That Breaking The Fast In Ramadhan On Purpose Means You Need To Fast 60 Days - Two Months Straight. But On My Search I Found A Fatwaa On Ask Imaam And Islam q & A That Says This Only occurs If You And Husband Have Relations In The Day. During Fast In Ramadhan. And If you Break Your Fast You Need To Just Make One Im Confused.
When is expiation required for one who broke the fast in Ramadaan without an excuse?[17]
I would like to ask about what makes making up missed days of fasting in Ramadan as well as expiation obligatory? I have searched about the answer and found that there are two opinions:
1- Only intercourse requires making up missed day of fasting as well as expiating. The evidence for this is known from the Sunnah.
2- Intercourse and also taking anything that reaches the stomach intentionally, makes making up missed days and expiating obligatory. I did not find an evidence for this from Quraan or Sunnah.
Please provide us with a detailed answer clarifying the evidence from Quraan and Sunnah.
Answer: Praise be to Allaah.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) stated that a Bedouin was obliged to offer expiation because he had intercourse with his wife deliberately during the day in Ramadaan whilst fasting. Thus he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) explained the basis for the ruling and stated the reason for it. The fuqaha’ are unanimously agreed that his being a Bedouin was merely a description and does not affect the ruling. So it is also obligatory for a Turk or Persian to offer expiation if they have intercourse with their wives. They are also agreed that the fact that the woman with whom he had intercourse was his wife was also merely a description and does not affect the ruling, so expiation must also be offered for intercourse with a slave woman or zina. They are also agreed that the fact that the man regretted it had nothing to do with making expiation obligatory, so it has nothing to do with the basis of the ruling. But they differed as to whether intercourse was the only reason why expiation was required because the fast was invalidated only by that, or is the issue that the sanctity of Ramadaan was violated, even if it was done by breaking the fast deliberately by eating or drinking? Al-Shaafa’i and Ahmad held the former view, and Abu Haneefah, Maalik and those who agreed with them held the latter view. The difference between the two groups stems from their understanding of the basis of the ruling: is the ruling based on the violation of the sanctity of the Ramadaan fast violated by intercourse only or the violation of the sanctity of the Ramadaan fast by the spoiling of the fast in all cases, even if it is by eating or drinking? The correct view is the former, based on the apparent meaning of the text, and because the basic principle is that there is no expiation unless there is a clear text to prove that it is required.
I would like to ask about what makes making up missed days of fasting in Ramadan as well as expiation obligatory? I have searched about the answer and found that there are two opinions:
1- Only intercourse requires making up missed day of fasting as well as expiating. The evidence for this is known from the Sunnah.
2- Intercourse and also taking anything that reaches the stomach intentionally, makes making up missed days and expiating obligatory. I did not find an evidence for this from Quraan or Sunnah.
Please provide us with a detailed answer clarifying the evidence from Quraan and Sunnah.
Answer: Praise be to Allaah.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) stated that a Bedouin was obliged to offer expiation because he had intercourse with his wife deliberately during the day in Ramadaan whilst fasting. Thus he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) explained the basis for the ruling and stated the reason for it. The fuqaha’ are unanimously agreed that his being a Bedouin was merely a description and does not affect the ruling. So it is also obligatory for a Turk or Persian to offer expiation if they have intercourse with their wives. They are also agreed that the fact that the woman with whom he had intercourse was his wife was also merely a description and does not affect the ruling, so expiation must also be offered for intercourse with a slave woman or zina. They are also agreed that the fact that the man regretted it had nothing to do with making expiation obligatory, so it has nothing to do with the basis of the ruling. But they differed as to whether intercourse was the only reason why expiation was required because the fast was invalidated only by that, or is the issue that the sanctity of Ramadaan was violated, even if it was done by breaking the fast deliberately by eating or drinking? Al-Shaafa’i and Ahmad held the former view, and Abu Haneefah, Maalik and those who agreed with them held the latter view. The difference between the two groups stems from their understanding of the basis of the ruling: is the ruling based on the violation of the sanctity of the Ramadaan fast violated by intercourse only or the violation of the sanctity of the Ramadaan fast by the spoiling of the fast in all cases, even if it is by eating or drinking? The correct view is the former, based on the apparent meaning of the text, and because the basic principle is that there is no expiation unless there is a clear text to prove that it is required.
Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA) said: ‘’Do not be fooled by one who recites the Qurân. His recitation is but speech – but look to those who act according to it.’’
We ask Allaah to make us and you steadfast.
Assembled by Abba Abana, FCE
Dated 5th February 2013
[1] Did you download ‘’Avoid 70 Major Sins’’ series 1,2,3,4 and 5? In Shaa Allahu, Our planned mission is to get all 70 Major Sins separately/sequentially via email to brothers/sisters for their archives.
[8] This hadeeth was classed as saheeh by al-Dhahabi, and as hasan by al-Haythami in Majma’ al-Zawaa’id, 1/48, and by al-Mundhiri in al-Targheeb wa’l-Tarheeb, no. 805, 1486. Classed as da’eef by al-Albaani in al-Silsilah al-Da’eefah, no. 94.
[12] http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/50745, How can he give da’wah to Muslims who do not fast in Ramadaan?
[17] Standing Committee for Academic Research and Issuing Fatwas
Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah li’l-Buhooth al-‘Ilmiyyah wa’l-Ifta (10/300, 301).
Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah li’l-Buhooth al-‘Ilmiyyah wa’l-Ifta (10/300, 301).
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